Zionists in Moroccan History

 

Sir Moses Montefiore
brother-in-law to the famed Rothschild

Before continuing I insist in making the following declaration:
As of today I respected everybody through all my life and therefore I am part of everyone, which means I have no difference in race nor religion whatsoever.
The only law I believe in is God’s law as well as freedom and equality for everybody on this earth.
However, through my descent I have inherited a very serious ancient unsettled problem from a group called

“The Learned Elders of Zion”, Zionists – so-called “Jews”

This group did not only cause a lot of harm to us – no, they also caused lots of harm to many innocent Jewish-, Christian-, Moslem God believers as well as to various other religious God believers around the world. These Learned Elders of Zion have done this to satisfy their immense ambitions for controlling the entire worlds wealth which they need for their

New World Order

 

Today, you are all witnessing of what is going on in Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan and you all know that Syria and Iran will be their next targets if you – the people will not stop this. Do not forget the “exodus” from Ur = Sumer and their ca. 4000 year old interest in this region!

 

Part I

For a better understanding of the situation please read: The Corcos family – one of many merchant families of the Sultan Cf: Sidney S. Corcos, The Corcos family: Spain-Morocco-Jerusalem.

Courtesy of Mr. Sidney S. Corcos, Jerusalem

The Corcos family saga began a thousand years ago in Spain and it is regarded as one of the oldest Sephardi Jewish families. As early as the 10th century, one finds the names Corcos, Carcosa and Carcause in Spain. According to family tradition, the family originated in the town of Corcos (Valadolid province in Castile (Spain). This town still exists but on our visit there, no trace was found of a Jewish presence. It is known that there was a family by the name of Carcosa in Catalonia in the 13th and 14th centuries. Some researchers assume that the name and family originated in the town of Carcassonne (Southern France).

The first member of the family whose activity is known was Abraham Corcos who lived in Castile in the second half of the 13th century and was reputed to be a distinguished scholar. One of his sons Salomon, a resident of Avila, wrote a commentary on a work of astronomy called "Yesod olam" (Foundation of the World) in 1332. He was a pupil of Rabbi Yehuda Ben Asher.

With the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, the family was dispersed to various countries, of which Portugal (Yehuda Ben Abraham Corcos) and Italy (David Corcos, founder of the Italian branch.) . In Rome they served as community leaders, dayyanim and rabbis for many generations. One of the most prominent was Solomon Corcos, appointed as a dayyan in 1620. He was famous outside Italy as a great scholar, an accomplished judge and an outstanding rabbi. One of his descendants, Manoah Hizkiyahu Haim Corcos, was also a well-known rabbi appointed in 1702. Interesting personalities in the Italian branch included Felix Corcos, an Italian writer and Victor Matteo Corcos, a well-known artist from Livorno. He lived and worked in Paris from 1880-1886 and his paintings were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art in Rome. There are still Corcos family members living in Italy and some of them immigrated to Israel.

In France, Fernand Corcos made his reputation as a lawyer and a devoted Zionist who visited the Yishuv in Palestine in the twenties and thirties. He lectured on the subject and published books such as “Israel on the Land of the Bible” (1923) about his visit to Palestine and encounters with leaders of the Yishuv, “Travelling across Jewish Palestine”(1925) and ”Zionist in Action”.

Family members who reached England from 1699 became successful merchants: Yehiel Corcos (d. 1733) and Joshua Ben Joseph Corcos. Members of the family also prospered in international trade in Holland from 1666.

For generations, the family remained faithful to Judaism, and naturally some of them reached the Holy Land. Joseph Corcos, who lived in the first half of the 16th century, was a Spanish born Talmudist and served as rabbi in Egypt and Jerusalem. He was one of the leading scholars of his time and the author of a commentary of Maimonides' great work Mishneh Torah ,which was first published in 1757 and much later (1958 and 1966) in Jerusalem.His brother Isaac was also rabbi in Egypt and in Jerusalem.

Other family members reached Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Those who came to Morocco founded that branch of the family and were the most successful of all the branches. They left a deep mark on the history of Moroccan Jewry. For about 500 years, they were an integral part of the social, economic and political history of Morocco. This is the branch to which my own family belongs and which is described in this article.

The Corcos family tree can be traced back to the 1492 expulsion of the Jews from Spain. It begins with Rabbi Joshua Corcos (d. after 1552), who came to Fez and became one of the spiritual leaders of the “refugee” community. In 1540 and 1552 he was one of those who drafted the “Castile Exiles Regulations” which determined the social and religious life of the entire Moroccan Jewish community. He married Mira Even-Sumbal, daughter of a well-known leader and rabbi, Nachman Even-Sumbal. Another family member, Rabbi Joseph Corcos, born in Fez in the second half of the 18th century, was “called” to serve as rabbi and head of the Jewish community in Gibraltar. There he published an important Kabbalist work entitled "Shi'ur Koma" (God's Stature) (Livorno, l811), based on the Zohar. Abraham Corcos, also from Fez (d. ca. 1575), was appointed a dayyan in Tunis and his grave still attracts pilgrims.

The first well-known descendant of Joshua Corcos was the son of Yehuda (d. in Tetuan 1662) Mas'oud-Joshua (d. in Safi 1757), a Talmud commentator, financial adviser and Court banker for Sultan Moulay Ismail, one of the most important Morroccan Sultans. At the Sultan's request, he moved to Marrakech, where the family played an important role in the community and the economy of the city. Mas'oud's great-grandson was a prosperous merchant and the leader of Marrakech Jewry (d. in Marrakech 1881). An prominent member of this branch was Joshua Corcos (1832-1929) who succeeded his father in the leadership of Marrakech Jewry. Like him, he was a successful banker and financial adviser to the last great Sultan of Morocco, before the period of the French Protectorate. Moulay Hassan did everything he could to maintain Morocco's financial independence, in contrast to his son, who opened the country to Europe thereby curtailing the traditional function of Jews as financial advisers. Joshua enjoyed the protection of three Sultans: Moulay Hassan, Moulay Abdel-Aziz and Moulay Hafid, and established ties with the El-Glaoui powerful family, which was very influential in the Marrakech area and became its financial adviser.*Our addition: When Thami el Glaoui died in 1956 he left bank accounts in Geneva, Paris & London. Ref: Time Magazine

Joshua Corcos was an outstanding personality, nicknamed “the millionaire of the Mellach” because of his financial aid to the community. He maintained a modest attire ,was loved and esteemed by both Jews and Moslem, and on the day of his funeral in 1929, all activity in Marrakech was interrupted and thousands attended the funeral. Marrakech has named a street after the Corcos family in appreciation of its contribution to the city over many generations. His son Mordecai Corcos (Marrakech, 1885-1944) inherited his role as president of the community and head of the family business from 1930-1938, but he lacked the personality and energy of his father. His daughter Freha Corcos (Marrakech, 1889-1974) married Abraham Meyer Corcos (Marrakech, 1880-1961), who belonged to the Castilian branch of the family. One of their children, Maurice Meyer (Marrakech, 1916) was active in local Jewish community affairs and a well known Mohel. He married a cousin, Lina Corcos (Mogador 1922) one of the family members in that city. Another son of Mas'oud Joshua, Judah Corcos (d.1753 in Safi) continued as financial adviser to the Sultan and was also head of the Jewish community in Marrakech and well-known for his generosity to the community. Judah's son Abraham (Marrakech 1730-Mogador 1797) was also community head and a founder of Yeshivoth, and served as financial adviser to Sultan Moulay Muhamed Ben-Abdullah. He married his cousin Reina Sumbal, sister of Samuel who was the Sultan's adviser and interpreter. Most of the descendants of this branch immigrated to France, where they still reside. At the Sultan's request, Abraham appointed one of his nephews, Maimon Ben Yitzchak Corcos (d. Mogador 1799) to represent the family in the new port at Mogador or Essaouira. He reached the port with ten other merchant families chosen by the Sultan, mostly Jewish. The Sultan's decision had a great affect on the history of Morocco, the Jewish community and the Corcos family. Ever since the era of “the Sultan's merchants” (Tajjar al-Sultan), Corcos family members have lived in that city. This designation was given by the Moroccan Sultans since the 16th century to a small group of select traders - Moslem, Christians and especially Jews, with a view to counterbalance the European influence on Morocco's economy. The king's merchants worked both as independent traders and as commercial agents for the ruler, and managed his worldwide fiscal affairs. They were granted far-reaching privileges, such as easily obtainable loans and houses, offices and stores in government districts, and they gradually became indispensable to the government. In 1799, Maimon Corcos died in a typhus epidemic in the city, and left no descendants.

His cousin Salomon Corcos, the son of Abraham Corcos (Marrakech, 1730-Mogador 1797), went to Mogador at the Sultan's behest. In 1823 Salomon Corcos was appointed British Consul in Marrakech and much later in Mogador, thus starting a family tradition of representing the great nations. His close, personal connection with Sultan Moulay Abdarraham Hisham is illustrated in a number of letters found in the family archives amongst hundreds of documents preserved by the Corcos family over many generations. They related mainly to Corcos relationships with the Court, and to Jewish-Moslem relations in the 18th and 19th centuries.

These archives are a precious family heirloom and a very valuable source of the history of the Mogador Jews. To our regret, the older part of these archives was destroyed during a London blitz in Second World War after having been preserved for research. The Ben Zvi Institute (Jerusalem) published research monographs by Michel Abitbol, based on these archives: “The Corcos Family and Contemporary Moroccan history” and “The Sultan's Merchants and Economic Development in Morocco”. My father David Corcos, who inherited the collection, made first use of these archives for his own research projects.

Salomon Corcos reached Mogador in 1845 and joined his son Abraham after leaving the business management in Marrakech to his first-born son Jacob Corcos (1813-1878). The authorization from the Sultan is found in a document dated 4.7.1854, that exists in the family archive.*Our addition: Sultan Abderrahman entrusted Solomon Corcos on February 11, 1846 with a very important sum of money to be invested in Christian lands. Cf: David Corcos; Studies in the History of the Jews of Morocco, pg. 47.* The family business prospered along with the success of the new port at Mogador, largely due to the activities of the Sultan's merchants. The younger brothers Abraham and Jacob Corcos were sent by their father to England to receive a good education in order to be able to handle the family business that was expanding internationally.

Abraham married Miriam Aflallo, also of a Sultan's merchant family. Jacob married Massouda Hadida, daughter of Meir Hadida, also a businessman from Tetuan and a cosmopolite. These marriage connections strengthened the status of the merchants.

Jacob was a man of striking appearance. He and his brother did something remarkable during one of the typhoid epidemics that struck Mogador. The Moslems who picked up the corpses took also sick people lying in the streets for burial, since their pay was calculated according to the number of people buried. The Corcos brothers donated a large sum of money in an attempt to save dying Jews.

Abraham Corcos (d. Mogador, 1883) was the leading personality in the family. In 1862 he was appointed US Consul in Mogador. He is reputed to having paid a visit to President Abraham Lincoln, ”who greatly impressed him”. Following his appointment, a dispute broke out with the Mazhken and the Great Vizir cut off relations with Abraham. His mother Massouda Lahmi-Corcos wrote letters (now in the family archives) to the Sultan in a successful attempt to resolve the dispute. He responded to her as follows: “Massouda, wife of our friend Shlomo Corcos. Be assured that your letter reached me and I understood what you wrote regarding your two sons Abraham and Jacob. They belong to us and we do not have any Jewish friends dearer than them. How can we forget them and their father Salomon who was the dearest of all the Jews". Abraham as a Sultan's merchant was one of the richest men in Morocco and a prominent merchant, and also served as a most influential person abroad. He loved and served us all with all his might in spite of his advanced age.” Abraham's close relations with the Sultan Moulay Abderrahman gave him special status and he was the exclusive supplier of all the luxury needs (imported from England) of the Court. It was Abraham who organised Sir Moses Montefiore's visit to Morocco in 1864, which created much excitement. The Sultan received him with much pomp and after his visit, the Sultan published an order assuring the Jews of equality before the law. Relations between Abraham Corcos and Moses Montefiore were personally very close as witnessed by a number of letters found in the family archive. During his visit to Mogador, Montefiore was a guest in Abraham's house. Abraham also served as an intermediary between the Court and Jewish organisations in Europe and Morocco. He was regarded as a man with liberal views and this strengthened his leadership.

Abraham and Jacob did a great deal for the Jewish community, especially in improving living standards, expanding the Mellah, building a Jewish hospital and helping in the opening of an Alliance Israelite Universelle school. He was made president of the Alliance in Morocco and was known not only for his generosity but also his modesty, integrity and deep faith - attributes that typified many members of the family.

His son Meyer (Mogador 1847-1931) took over the duties of American Consul and was also appointed a merchant of the Sultan, but he was better known as a writer, who published a book, “Ben Meyer”, printed in Jerusalem in 1912, dealing with Sabbath and Passover laws. He and his brother Aaron (d. Mogador, 1883) did not leave any descendants, ending one of the important family branches.

The duties of a “Sultan's merchant” passed to Abraham's nephew (Jacob's son) Haim Corcos (Marrakesh 1881-Mogador 1924) who was my great-grandfather. He was a very orthodox man whose integrity and pleasant ways secured him much honour. “He was the last representative of the old school in which the children of the aristocratic Jewish families had grown up”, wrote his grandson David.

The French Protectorate over Morocco (1912) altered the political order and the international conditions that had enabled a limited group of Jews to fill an honorable role in Morocco's history. Thus an end came to the special role of the Sultan's merchants that had brought growth and prosperity to Mogador and Morocco. Hayyim's sons - my grandfather Jacob Corcos (Mogador 1881-1951 ) Salomon (d. Manchester, 1923) and Mas'oud (Mogador 1884-Tangier 1936) followed in the footsteps of their father and continued to engage in local and international commerce. Because of the political changes in Morocco, Shlomo and Mas'oud immigrated to England. There they opened a flourishing business, founded M.Corcos & Co. and continued to maintain close business relations with family members in Mogador. Mas'oud's son Michael Corcos (London 1919-1997) was a well-known doctor who had treated lepers in Nigeria. He argued rightfully that the disease was not contagious (in contrast to the prevailing view) and had given patients leave in opposition to his superiors' orders. This story aroused lively public debate in England. He converted to Christianity and all his eight children are Christians. His brother David was educated at Oxford and is a lawyer in London. His two sons, Simon and Adam, and Michael childrens are the English branch of the Corcos family .

In 1937 a tragedy took place in this family. The third brother Leslie disappeared in 1937 in a storm on the Swiss Alps. His mother Gertrude Samuel (of the well-known Samuel family, her father was one of the founders of Shell Co. and Lord Mayor of London in 1905) joined the search for her son but lost her own life in the process.

My grandfather Jacob was the only brother who chose to continue in business and to be active in the Mogador Jewish community. He married Hannah Abulafia (Mogador 1898-Jerusalem 1980), an aristocratic lady who was known for her great generosity..There is a story about a Mogador incident in which a beggar sought alms from her and as she had no cash in her purse, she removed an expensive ring from her finger and gave it to him. In 1960 she followed her son David on aliyah to Israel. Hannah Abulafia belonged to the Tiberias (Israel) branch of her family. Her grandfather, Rabbi Shmuel Joseph Abulafia (Tiberias 1854-Mogador 1920) was directly descended from rabbi Hayyim Abulafia (“The Tree of Life”), who reached Mogador with his father from Tiberias and served there as an emissary of Jewish charities.

Rabbi Shmuel Joseph's son, (Hannah's father), Haim Yeheskiel Abulafia, (Livorno 1880-Mogador 1934) was also a merchant in Mogador and England. He married Mas'ouda of the Corcos family who was descended from a Corcos branch not known to us. For deeply religious reasons, she decided to go on aliyah by herself and settled in Tiberias, where her husband's family resided, and was buried there in 1953.

David Corcos (Mogador 1917-Jerusalem 1975), the son of Jacob Corcos and Hannah Abulafia, was the only son amongst five children. When he was born, Morocco was between the old world traditions and the new, David wrote in his diary. He received an education that combined traditional family values with Jewish values and Western culture. These influencess led him to continue in the path of his ancestors who were the Sultan's merchants. He became one of the leading traders in Agadir and the entire Souss Region in the late forties and fifties, a senior officer of the local Chamber of Commerce and one of the founders of the local Lions' Club. He was also an intellectual man who loved to read about the history of Moroccan Jewry and French literature.

When Morocco became independent in 1956, economic and political conditions changed, bringing with them disorder and economic crisis. At that point (1959) David decided to go on aliyah to Israel, in contrast to most of the upper class in Morocco (including his own family), who emigrated to France and Canada. He wanted “his children and grandchildren to remain Jewish” and not become assimilated in the Diaspora, as had happened with many members of the younger generation in his family. Four of David's sisters immigrated with their extensive families (Cabessa, Elhadad, Tapiero, Corcos) to France where their children prospered in business and the liberal professions. The aliyah to Israel actually saved the family from the terrible earthquake that destroyed Agadir in 1960 and killed thousands of people. In Israel, David devoted his time to research and writing the history of N. African Jewry in general and Moroccan Jewry in particular. His great curiosity and command of languages, his wide education and especially his first-hand knowledge of Moroccan Jewry provided him with the tools to engage in his research projects, which would express his dream of presenting Moroccan-Jewish history in a much more positive light. In Israel, he felt pain at the situation of Moroccan Jewry and protested in articles and petitions against the attitude adopted towards them, the discrimination and the method of their absorption. In his research, he also made good use of his family archives and a vast and rich library that in part was in the family and in part collected by him over the years.

David's articles on Moroccan-Jewish history included research on names of Moroccan-Jewish families, the Mogador and Agadir community, customs and traditions, the Mellah and Jewish-Arab relations at various periods. He contributed more than 300 articles to the Encyclopedia Judaica and served as editor on the section of the Jews of the Maghreb, and also contributed many articles to the Hebrew Encyclopedia. He was known as “the top historian of Morrocan jewry” and regarded as a pioneer of research in the Israeli Moroccan community.

He died prematurely in 1975 in Jerusalem while working on a history of Moroccan Jewry. A warm tribute to him came from his good friend, Prof. Ashtor of the Hebrew University, who wrote inter alia: “He was a great gentlemen and a friend"… Those accompanying him on his last journey saw before their eyes the eternal vicissitudes of Jewish fate and the unconquerable continuity of Jewishness.The last of the leaders of Jewry in South Morocco, born in the Atlantic port of Mogador was buried in Jerusalem”.

This was the man who reconstituted the family tree of the Corcos family and researched its history. He felt the need for preserving for future generations the history of the families connected with Moroccan-Jewish history. His aim was to restore the reputation of this part of Jewry, and create a public awareness of the existence in Morocco of a Jewish aristocracy that had played a significant role both in Jewish life and in the country's economy. Reuven Mass published in 1976 a volume comprising a selection of his articles, entitled “Studies in the History of the Jews of Morocco.” It has become a valuable aid to researchers in this field. David Corcos married Georgette Afriat, the youngest of Solomon Afriat's seven sisters, born in Mogador in 1922. According to tradition, the Afriat family is of ancient stock deriving from the Tribe of Ephraim descendants who reached Morocco after the destruction of the Temple in 586 BCE and founded a kingdom. Georgette is a descendant the “Nisrafim of Oufrane,” the name given to 50 Jews headed by one of her ancestors, Rabbi Yehuda ben Naftali Afriat, who chose the stake to conversion when the head of a local gang named Bouhalassa tried to convert them to Islam in 1775. Their ashes were buried in a mass grave (still extant) and they became “saints” after their death. This family also belonged to the Sultan's merchants, reaching Mogador from the Souss region and played an important role in the development of Mogador. In the Second World War Georgette worked at the US Army headquaters which landed in Casablanca in 1942 and received a Commendation from the US War department for her service. In Israel she became involved in the French programme broadcast- abroad of Kol Israel and was later an editor with the Keter publishing firm.

It is an interesting genealogical fact that her mother, Ruby Evelyne Corcos (Mogador 1885-Casablanca 1945) belonged to the same branch of the Corcos family, as did her husband David Corcos,but the family branch split about 1650, so their marriage closed the family circle (see Family Tree).

A descendant of this branch was Abraham Corcos (b. 1810 in Oran, Algiers, d. London 1895). He was a rabbi and served as dayyan for many years in the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in London. His son Moses Corcos was my mother's grandfather (Algiers 1845-Mogador 1903). Two sons were born to him with his first wife Julia Brandon-Rodrigez (London), who died in 1880. Yehuda Leon Corcos (Mogador 1868-Agadir 1946) was one of the last big traders in Mogador. He moved to Agadir, the neighboring city which developed and competed with Mogador. He was one of the founders of the new town and served there as exclusive agent for Lloyds' Insurance Co.

His son Ernest Moses Corcos (b. Mogador 1904) continued his tradition as a city builder and later served as agent for Lloyds'. He held French citizenship and in World War Two fought with the Free French Forces and was decorated with the Legion of Honor by the President of France, de Gaulle. He was miraculously saved when the earthquake destroyed Agadir in 1960. He still lives there and is the last Corcos descendant in Morocco. His only son Leon Robert died prematurely in 1992, but left two sons who live in France.

Another son of Yehuda Leon is Albert Corcos (Mogador 1909), who served for many years as United Nations Hight Commission for the refugees representative in various places around the world. He received a decoration from the King of Thailand in 1987 for his outstanding service to the population of Indo-China and in appreciation of his work in that country and care for refugees from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

The second son (of Moses) was Joseph Corcos (Mogador 1872-New York 1926) was a writer, historian and rabbi of Spanish and Portuguese congregations. He had studied Talmud and Hebrew under the rabbis of Mogador. He was sent to Salamanca (Spain) for further study and was ordained as a rabbi in England in 1893. He was appointed Rabbi in Kingston, Jamaica and served there until 1903. Much later he served in Curacao and New York and finally he was Rabbi of the Montreal congregation in Canada. He wrote articles, translated Jewish law and was a poet. He was married twice, to daughters of the Abrahams and Henriques families, well-known Sephardi families in Jamaica. He founded the American branch of the family and his descendants live there to this day. Some of them later came on aliyah to Israel. One of the personalities in this branch is Lucille (New York 1908-1972), a well-known painter and book illustrator in USA. Her son Joel Levy Corcos was also a painter in New York and her son David is Director of the Art Museum in Washington, D.C.

Moses' second wife was Stella Duran (New York 1858-Casablanca 1948). Her father was Abraham Duran and her mother was Rebecca Montefiore (London 1831-1929) a niece of Sir Moses Montefiore. Stella came to Mogador with her husband in 1884. The following year she decided to set up an English language school for poor Jewish girls, in order to save them from Christian missionaries. The main support for this school came from the Anglo-Jewish Association, which had as its aim to help Jewish education throughout the world and was being directed at that time by Stella's cousin, a well-known philanthropist named Claude Montefiore. This school competed successfully with the Alliance School and this created tensions with Stella Corcos. In 1900, 170 girls were studying there and its existence in the city of Mogador led to the spread of the English language. Many began to speak English or to interweave it with the Judeo-Arabic and French that they spoke. English was the first language used in my mother's house. The strong English influence in Mogador sprang from the commercial ties with England, the traders' frequent visits to England and numerous foreigners who lived in the city, including the Consuls of the Great Powers. Thus the international atmosphere and assimilation with the West were special features of life in Mogador.

Stella Corcos was keenly interested in the life of the Jews of Mogador and she strove to better their condition in the Mellah, which had become severely overcrowded. In 1898 she requested an audience with the Sultan and surprisingly received permission to meet with the Sovereign to present a petition for the enlargement of the Mellah. It was extraordinary for a woman to be allowed in the presence of the Sultan at that time in a Moslem country.She made the long and tiring journey on a horsback..The Sultan authorized the erection of 150 houses outside the walls of the Mellah.

The event was reported in "the Jewish chronicle" of 9 December 1898.

The sons of Moses and Stella were British citizens: Abraham (Bertie) (Mogador 1894-Casablanca 1943) fought in the first World War in Turkey at Gallipoli.He was wounded and badly gassed.He remainded invalid and never married.. Nathanael (Montie) Corcos (Mogador 1898-Agadir 1958) was educated in Cambridge he joined the Royal Air Force during the First Word War ,becoming the youngest pilot .During the Second War he was a Wing Commander. In both Wars he received Letters of Commendation .He Married Edna Nissim -Sassoon (India 1908-London 1988) ,The granddaughter of Sir David Sassoon the ancestor of the famous Sassoon of Baghdad .Their Three children live now in the USA(Audrey) and England (Basil and Nigel).

One of Stellas's daughters Florence Corcos (Mogador 1892-Jerusalem 1971) was a teacher in her mother's school. She was a Zionist activist in Casablanca and used to stage a one-woman demonstration at the British Consulate shortly before Israel became independent.She donated all her money and pieces of land she owned to Kol Israel Haverim and the Keren Kayemet.She later immigrated to Israel and buried in the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

The event that linked back together the two branches of the Mogador Corcos family was the marriage of David Corcos and Georgette Afriat .Their children : Sidney (Agadir 1949), (the author of this article) Jack (Agadir 1951) and Evelyne (Agadir 1955 ) live in Jerusalem.

We came to Israel as children and educated here. My brother and I served as officers in combat units in the Israel Defense forces and took active part in the wars of Israel (The War of Attrition; The Yom Kippur War; the Lebanon War) .

Sidney (a Zoologist and Museologist)is the director of the Natural History Museum in Jerusalem, his Children's are Keren (Jerusalem 1992) and David (Jerusalem 1994) . Jack was assigned to missions abroad and work at the Jewish Agency. His children's are Daniel (Jerusalem 1985) and Roni ( Jerusalem 1989).

For many centuries ,in Spain and in Morocco the Corcos family remained faithful to its religion and to the moral value of the family and the Saga continues today in Modern Israel.
Published in JOURNAL OF JEWISH GENEALOGY 'Sharsheret Hadorot' ,Vol 14, No.2 winter 2000

 

Part II

The History of the True Noble Sharifian Rulers

Saadi (2nd Saadian dynasty) Homed Ebn Abdallah, Sultan of Morocco (see Part III & Part IV)

(Sidi Muhammad ben Abdallah, Sultan of Morocco). Portrait by: Colonel Maurice Bagenal St.Leger Keatinge, 1785 and reproduced in: Travels through France and Spain to Morocco comprising a Narrative of the authour's Residence in that Empire. With an account of The British Embassy to the Court of Morocco under the late George Payne, Esq. Consul-General, London, 1817.

continues since 1985 with:

Our Political Persecution in Switzerland

This message is specially intended to reach all Moroccan citizens as well as the whole Arab world including Mecca & Medina so you may discover with us the true history of the descendant belonging to the

Noble Sharifian bloodline

which are the sole carriers of the “secret” word

al-Aji

Public audience of Sultan Sidi Mohammad ben Abderrahman IV, at the city of Fès in November 23, 1868, receiving the British Delegation of Tangier, represented by
Sir John Drummond-Hay and accompanied by his staff and family.
Courtesy of Mr. Robert Drummond-Hay, London. (see Part IV)

 

The initiative which led to this recent research was a 21 year ongoing conspiracy which was instigated directly or indirectly by the Federal Council “Swiss government” against myself, our children and business. I really turned curious and wanted to find out why someone like me could end-up in such a destructive political drama. First I found out that Switzerland was most interested in analyzing the Sharifian wealth since the 17th century. As a matter of fact, since the end of the 17th to the early 20th century there was without a doubt a continues Swiss elite of well informed merchants, military mercenaries and military personnel stationed in Morocco but carefully hidden behind foreign powers like: Great Britain /France / Spain & Italy and this at least until the beginning of
the 20th century. Further, during those years the Swiss military mercenaries and Swiss military personnel were ordered to secretly take part in foreign military campaigns whenever GB/F/E or I wanted to force upon their will against the Sharifian rulers.

In 1901 the Federal Council “Swiss government” asked Mr. Fischer, Marseilles, to travel to Morocco and to establish for them secretly, a political trade report; published,1905. On pages 6-7 he mentions; for the considerable exploitations of the mines – of course, there will be first French and British capital available. On page 5, he mentions the existence of a “Thron-prätendent, Sidi Mohammad”; as well in: Prof. D.R. Pennell; Morocco since 1830, pg. 128-129.

The reader must be aware that Morocco is a very wealthy country indeed and that authors like Mr. James Richardson; Travels in Morocco, 1859 had already mentioned within his book the existence of rich mines of Iron, Silver, Gold, Lead, Copper, Antimon and Phosphates and remarked: He, Sultan, does not want to tempt the cupidity of Europeans, by showing them the resources of the empire. They are prying about for mines of iron and silver. He is obliged to forbid these geological wanderings. Further, 1860, discovery of ground treasures in Tetouan.

December 1863 arrival at Tangier of sir Moses Montefiore, brother-in-law of N.M. Rothschild, GB. He claimed to come to Morocco in order to have the Sultan enforce better conditions for his Jewish brethren. He himself had nephews and cousins in Essaouira. For example: Fam. Sebag & Fam. Guedalla. But Mr. Montefiore was also travelling the country side in order to establish, for their cause, two Jewish groups. The fist group, (mostly of Jewish-Berber descend), was to be sent to settle in Palestine, work the lands and fight for the creation of the future State of Israel. The second group, the elite, was to be filtered through whole of Europe, the United States, Australia, South Africa, Argentina, Brazil etc. etc. This is how they were able to bring together these most powerful organizations like: Int. Zionist Congress, World Jewish Congress (WJC), UN, World Bank, WTO, IWF, WEF etc.
At the beginning, some was financed through the wealth coming from the Sharifian al-Aji’s. Later, some was financed through the oil revenues coming from the Arab world. The rest is being accumulated through the interests owed by countries which at some stage and time took out a loan from this finance institution, while not realizing, that they will never be given the chance to pay it back.
See: Sir Moses Montefiore’s Dream – Israel benefactor; Montefiore speaks of his engraved ring. The Hebrew inscription reads:

 

“Possessor of everything”

From 1906 on Switzerland had her hands in all important Moroccan affairs. The Federal Court, Lausanne was to decide over the future of the Banque d’Etat Marocaine. And the organization of the local police was entrusted to a Swiss – a general inspector – which likewise was selected by the Federal Council. But everything always happened in accordance with France and Spain.

Great Britain controlled Morocco through a granted loan which the Sharifian
ruler received in order to settle a Spanish/British reparations war claim and at the same time had Tetouan freed from Spanish occupation. This Spanish debt was transferred to Great Britain and in a series of complicated financial manoeuvres bonds were floated in London, backed by the British government. Until today Morocco has never come out of this trap. See: TA, March 07; Morocco is looking for a loan in the amount of € 654 Mill.

In 1873 Si Mohamed Tazi a descendant of a Jewish tribe from Taza and Ba Ahmed ben Moussa both pro British and pro French, along with the Swiss, helped to prepare the road for the future French take-over. May 12, 1912 was the beginning of the French Protectorate. Ref: Tazi see: http://www.douane.gov.ma/Histoire_douane/REGIMES4.htm

For two years I consulted many old books, some diplomatic archives, private documents, historians etc. and found out that

the history of my ancestors needs to be rewritten.

 

As of today I have found our family name on monuments built by:

Sultan Ismail Laalaj, (Laalaj: racine du mot) 1634-1727
Sultan Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji 1678-1757
Sultan Sidi Mohammad III ben
Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji 1709-1790

 

 

Morocco was the first nation, in 1777,
to recognize the fledgling United States as anindependent nation. On December 20, 1777, Morocco's Sultan Sidi Mohammad III declared that the American merchant ships would be under the protection of the sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage.
The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty. It was signed by: John Adams & Thomas Jefferson, and has been in continuous effect since, (July 16th?), 1786.
For further research see: The Avalon Project: The Barbary Treaties 1786-1816 – Treaty with Morocco

 

Sultan Sidi Mohammad III al-Aji. (see Part IV)

 

 

On my great grandfathers seal, documents, correspondence and within his last will:

 

Painting by E. Delacroix, 1845. Sultan Haj Abderrahman ben Mohammad ben Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji surrounded by his guard and his principle officers about to leave his palace at Meknès, March 23, 1832. (see Part IV)

Courtesy of Musée des Augustins, Toulouse

 

For explanation on difference of name see:

Sultan Haj Abderrahman ben Mohammad
ben Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji ca. 1778 or 1789 – 1859 -

kown to you since 1860 as:

Alaji Abderrahman ben Mohammad ben ... or

Alaoui Abderrahman ben Mohammad ben ...al-Aji, a Sharif

Ref: www.douane.gov.ma/Histoire_douane/GLOSSAIRE.htm

 

 

Abderrahman had several sons of which I may name:

(Portrait: see Part IV)

Sultan Sidi Mohammad IV ben
Abderrahman ben Mohammad ben
Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji ca. 1803 – 1873 -???

to

my father – to me – my brothers and close cousins.

 

By Horace Vernet. The French drove a resistance leader, Abd al-Qadir, into Morocco, and the Sultan gave public support to this Islamic hero. War broke out between France and Morocco in August 1844. On the Algerian frontier, at Wadi Isly near Oujda, 30'000 men led by Sidi Mohammad ben Abderrahman, the Sultan's son,were routed by 11'000 French troops. The Cherarda jaysh contingents broke under the fire, pillaging the Moroccan camp as they fled. Cf. Pennell; Morocco since 1830 pg. 49.

 

Because of the continuing Western manipulations towards my family and the kingdom, we had to go undercover around the end of the 19th century to secure and guarantee the survival of the few remaining family members.

Books on Moroccan history

Most historians – if not all – are relatives of ex Zionist merchant families = called: “Tajer Assoltane” from Essaouira or from other cities of Morocco which were working for my family and the kingdom within the country and outside of the country. These Tajer Assoltane were given yearly large amounts of cash from the Sultan’s treasury – free of interests and with no personal risk to the merchant.
They also been offered a house, a store and storage facilities at low rent by the Sultan and were able to import and export goods at a favorable tax rate. They also been excluded from having to pay a tax called “jizya”. These merchants had only to go an buy what the country needed plus goods to trade with the Europeans.
Instead, the “Tajer Assoltane” immediately grabbed the trust of the Sultans to create an enormous wealth for themselves and quickly set-up a whole trade mechanism starting with a bank borrowing the needed trade capital to their own kind. And once their merchants had returned with the goods they had to pay interest on the amount borrowed + a commission to the Tajer Assoltane.
The same Tajer Assoltane received later another commission from the Sultan when making his account with him. And once the Sultan asked the Tajer Assoltane to sell certain goods to Europe - the same tactic was repeated with one difference – this money stayed in Europe. To Morocco they brought only the amount of cash which they needed to keep the trust of the Sultan and for their daily need.

At the same time, some of these Tajer Assoltane were appointed as Consuls by foreign powers in order to have the foreign interests better represented within the Sultanat. Henceforth, the Tajer Assoltane have become foreign protégés!!! It is clear that in such circumstances these Tajer Assoltane had only their future interests in mind and certainly did not protect the interests of the Sultanat.

At some stage another form of income was created, for example: Whenever somebody claimed that a Tajer Assoltane had “debts” outside of Morocco it was normal for that European country to claim reparations from the Sultans. This was done mostly by means of military presence/force which left the Sultans with no other choice than to pay.

At a certain time, Great Britain,France,Spain,Switzerland & Morocco along with their historians, had to integrate the family of their fake monarch lineage by using the name of Abderrahman ben Hisham (a nephew) instead of: Sultan Haj Abderrahman ben Mohammad al-Aji, which was the true Noble Sharifian Ruler at the time, so the world would never find out their sham. For this they did not even shy away from falsifying the true spelling, reading and translation of our "name".

They claim: al-Alj, al-Elj, al-Eldj, al-Eulj, al-Ulj, al-Ilj

although the Moroccan tourism web-sites clearly mentioned:

"Laalaj” = al - Aji (see Part III)

Instead they make you to believe that the inscriptions on the gates of Meknès and Essaouira read:

“Renegade” = This is absolutely false !!!! (see Part III)

They teach you this for only one reason: 1. To mislead you. 2. To fake the legitimacy to the throne and to gain the legitimacy to the Noble Sharifian al-Aji heritage.

For example see:

Meknès: Built by Sultan Ismail. Completion of the famous
Bab al-Mansour Laalaj by his son, Sultan
Abdallah ben Ismail al-Aji in 1732.

 

Bab al-Mansour Laalaj = al-Aji (see Part III)

 

Essaouira (Mogador): Built by

Sultan Sidi Mohammad III ben Abdallah al-Aji, 1764.

He dedicated the inscription in the

name of the kings, Sidi Mohammad & Ahmad al-Aji.

 

Sea Gate (see Part III)

In 1764 Sultan Sidi Mohammad III engaged Théodore Cornut, a French architect on payroll to the British of Gibraltar. The Sultan received him with all honours due to a great artist and entrusted him with the realization of the new city. Cornut, l'Avignonnais, worked three years on constructing the port and the Kasbah, its original plan being preserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.

It seems that the second part of the construction (Medina etc.) was desined long after Cornut's departure. The Sultan not wishing to prolong their collaboration as he reproached the French to be to expensive and to have worked for the British enemy. Ref: Etymologie Essaouira.

 

Further: While continuing my research on my ancestors I came across some websites like:

First:

Various interviews made on Mr. Ahmed Rami. Further, we received from Mr. Rami his book

“Zuerst nach Casablanca”.

Within an interview he also speaks of a well kept secret:
King Sidi Mohammed V’s adoption of Hassan II and etc.Ref: http://abbc.net/alaouites/hassan2/fils-de-glaoui.htm; Hassan II is the son of Glaoui; Mohamed VI baptised by a Rabbi from Israel; the Freemasons in Morocco & Moulay Hafid, 1867-1937.

Second:

Mr. Rami and Prof. Pennell both speak of a Coup d’Etat which took place in the palace on February 26, 1961 against King Sidi Mohammed V. Two Swiss doctors convinced King Sidi Mohammed V to undertake a minor nose correction which could be done within the palace. This was done on 26.02.1961 by Prof. Jean-Pierre Taillens, Lausanne & Dr. Raymond, Lausanne. (NZZ, 27.02.1961) Cf: Prof. C.R. Pennell; Morocco, from Empire to Independence; page 166. Ahmed Rami; Corruption and Crime in Hassan’s court. Hassan II announced Sidi Mohammed's death and immediately proclaimed himself King. Shortly after that the Swiss-Moroccan relations improved once again which briefly went sour once the French returned King Sidi Mohammed from exile. (1955 to February 26, 1961). See no. 1.

Third:

Another site speaks of Hassan II & his sons baptism which took place at the palace at the request of a Rabbi from Israel. Cf: Abdelilah Bouasria; Chercheur en politique, Wash. D.C. & Prof. Robert Assaraf, a Moroccan Jewish historian, Paris. See no. 1.

Fourth:

Another subject on the web is a present. A slave girl which was given by El-Glaoui to King Sidi Mohammed V. According to the story the King had no idea that the girl he just received was already pregnant with the future Hassan II. Further it is mentioned that Hassan’s real father is El-Glaoui a Berber from the Southern part of Morocco and that Hassan’s real mother was of Berber-Jewish descend. Further, El-Glaoui was a known French collaborator with his own political ambitions. Cf: Dar El Glaoui: El Glaoui: The pasha of Marrakesh. Time Magazine. Monday, Sept. 5, 1955; Revolt & Revenge & Time Magazine. Monday, May 20, 1957; Who Is Boss?

All of this happened because of:

Reason no. 1:

Revenge of the Moroccan Zionist, the Learned Elders of Zion.
See in James Richardson, Travels in Morocco, 1859; pg. 79;
Nevertheless, if the Jews of this country had the power, they
would enslave the Mussulman, and well castigate them. This
latter remark, Coriante uttered with an emphasis, denoting the
revenge which his countrymen would inflict upon their
Mahometan oppressors, who had kept them in chains for a series
of ages.

Reason no. 2:

The “Old Confederacy”, Helvetic Republic, Swiss Confederacy
“Federal Council” in connection with the Swiss-Moroccan
descendants have their own Zionists, Freemasons, Basler-
Daigs and etc. with their own financial interests incl. the
exploitation of a country and its citizens.

 

During the last 23 years I noticed that this evil destruction, manipulation and jealousy against my business, myself and my family was coming mostly from within Switzerland, from: Geneva, Basel, Bern, Zurich and Thurgau, in connection to: London, Israel, New York and lately Morocco.

Therefore, while reading the book of Prof. D. Schroeter I checked if I could find some of these old merchant family names from Essaouira and other parts of Morocco within Switzerland. To my great surprise most of these names one can find within Geneva, to London, to Israel, to New York, etc. and some are even part of the Zionist organization, incl. in Switzerland. Below, a few names of the Tajer Assoltane mentioned by Prof. D. Schroeter in Merchants of Essaouira, on page 25, which I found in Switzerland:

Abitbol, Amar and (also: Rabbi Amar, Israel), Benattar, Boujnah, Cohen, Coriat and (Essaouira, Mogador: 1859, Rabbi Coriat), Curtis, Darmon, De La Mar, Elmaleh, Grace, Israel, Levy, Loeb, Ohana, Pinto, Robertson, Sebag and (Sebag-Montefiore), Toby, Zagury etc. and in Israel the families Afriat & Corcos etc. For references on Rabbi Coriat: James Richardson, Travels in Morocco, 1859, p. 79; on Rabbi Amar: www.abbc.net/alaouites/hassan2/fils-de-glaoui.htm; on Rabbi Afriat: www.econ-pol.unisi.it/~afriat/Memory.pdf; and Sidney S. Corcos; “The Corcos family: Spain-Morocco-Jerusalem”, published in Journal of Jewish Genealogy, Sharsheret Hadorot, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 2000.

 

Until today the Federal Council “Swiss government” is fully aware of this problem but ordered me to stop plus refuses to answer any of my questions as well as the so-called king of Morocco and his government.

 

You may also want to read: Dr. Abdullah Mohammad Sindi; The Direct Instruments of Western Control over the Arabs: The Shining Example of the House of Saud at: www.kanaanonline.org/readings/read7.pdf

Zionisten-Congress in Basel (29.30. und 31. August 1897); Officielles Protocoll; Wien, 1898. Verlag des Vereines "Erez Israel". Lord Edmond Rothschild, London & Jacob H. Schiff, NYC ordered Theodor Herzl, Austria, to organize the Basel congress. Ref: History of Events, 1897

La 2e Légion Etrangère ou Légion Suisse by W. Gehri

Moroccan rabbis, in contrast to most Ashkenazi rabbis, supportet First Zionist Congress in Basel. Ref: The Forgotten Refuges; Historical Timeline

MSS-Buchanan: 1858-1860 Madrid, Spain; Copies of letters and etc.; Univ. of Nottingham

USA Nat. Archives & Records Admin. Microfilms

Rolf Ackermann, pg. 5 - 6, mit Zitaten aus dem Tagebuch des deutschen Oberstlieutenant a.D. Adolph

von Conring (Berlin, 1880), in: Marokko verstehen. Studienkreis für Tourismus e.V., D-Starnberg, 1985.

Prof. Daniel Schroeter, The Jews of Essaouira (Mogador) and the Trade of Southern Morocco.

 

Part III

 

Revelation on Title

Aji

Within the period of the Middle Kingdom of the 13th dynasty I found the TITLE of Aji as Ay in use for the fist time by:

Pharaoh Merneferre Ay

Ay’s prenomen or royal name means:

The one who loves the beauty of Ra

while his titulary is: Ay

which is equal to:

Aya, Aye, Eje, Ai, Ay – hi, Eye, Aji
became in Aramaic, Greek, Latin & Arabic
el- Aji or al -Aji

He was the last Pharaoh to have been mentioned by name on monuments in Upper and Lower Egypt. He assumed the throne in ca. 1700 B.C. and is said to have reigned for over 23 years.

Pharaoh Ay, pulling papyrus, 13th dynasty. His action demonstrates that the papyrus was to become writing paper for education.

With the death of Pharaoh Merneferre Ay=Aji the title Ay=Aji disappeared likewise from the Egyptian history and kingdom and this until we reach the
18th dynasty. Here the title of Ay=Aji suddenly reappears with:

Pharaoh Kheperkheperure Ay=Aji.
(1327-1323 B.C. or 1325-1321 B.C.)

Ay’s prenomen or royal name – Kheperkheperure – means:

Everlasting are the Manifestations of Ra
while his birth titles
Ay = Aji it-hetjer - reads as: Ay=Aji, Father of the God

while:

the title Ay=Aji denotes the holder of a priestly office and historians in the past have referred to Ay=Aji as the “High Priest AY=Aji”, accrediting him with some of the religious thinking behind the Aten heresy, largely because the much quoted Great Hymn to the Aten appears in it’s fullest form in his tomb at Amarna.

Note: Explanation: At this period the Pharaoh was considered a God. So, when he mentioned – Father of the God – he simply meant: Father of the successor – successor now intitled:

Pharaoh = God and Protector of his people and over land
while:

Pharaoh Ay=Aji was both,

a political and a religious leader.

Pharaoh Kheperkheperure Ay=Aji, was married to queen Tiy, “the Great Royal Wife, his beloved, the Lady of the Two Lands [Tiy], living” and “the heiress, great of praises, the Lady of the Two Lands, [Tiy], living” and later Ay=Aji is said to have “married?” in his late sixties, Tutankhamun’s widow, Ankhesanamun, his granddaughter, which was the daughter of Nefertiti and Pharaoh Akhenaten=Echnaton. Further, Pharaoh Ay=Aji it-hetjer had other children and grandchildren. One of his daughters or granddaughters had the name & title (H)ajar/Arabic meaning: Stone, it-hetjer. (remember also Mt. Sinai as (H)agar).
During Pharaoh Ay=Aji short reigned, about 4 years, he built a rock cut chapel in Akhmim and dedicated it to the local deity there which is known as Min. Min as a lunar deity was sometimes given the title:

“Protector of the Moon”

Before Ay=Aji it-hetjer became Pharaoh he was a close advisor to two or even three Pharaohs, (Akhenaten & Tutankhamun) who ruled before him and he, Ay=Aji was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun’s reign. That is why he carries the title of Ay=Aji, father of the God.

Abraham’s journey from Ur to Egypt

 

The Origin of the Moon Deity

The history of the Moon God and his consort in successive Near Eastern Cultures from Sumeria through Canaan to Saaba and Harran.

Ancient Roots of the Moon God

El – the kind old fatherly God of Canaan.

Biffault notes that the Moon as a deity is in its ancient form male, the male nature complementing the natural moon-related cycle of female fertility. This can be appreciated when we consider that a common thread runs from the ancient Venus of Laussel dating from around 18'000 – 20'000 B.C. with her
13 notched upheld moon horn, representing the lunar months, through Catal Huyuk with the horned Bulls and pregnant fertility goddesses, to the golden calves of Ur and the bull-horned El of Canaan, who although no longer specifically a Moon God retains his ancient fertility symbol, the human menstrual cycle.
Just as the fertility Goddess is one although she has many names, the Mood God comes in a variety of names which span many cultures, Nanna of the Sumerians patron of Ur, Yerah of Ugarit, Sin patron of Harran, Kusuh of the Hurrians, Ilumquh of the Sabeans of Yemen, Soma of the Indo-Aryans, Yaho and many others. Although he was the patron deity of two specific cities of the Sumerian empire, Ur in the South and Harran in the far North, his worship is astral and cross-cultural.

Av’ram =Abram=Abraham

left Harran,

City of the Moon God

Stele of Nabonidus, Star and Crescent of Harran coin, Sign of Sin (Beaulieu, Segal 1963)

At the Northernmost end of the Sumerian empire, the city of Harran, likewise had the Moon Deity as patron God, under the name of Sin. From about 2000 B.C. to 1200 A.D. Harran continued an evolving tradition of Moon God worship. Harran is the birth place of Abraham’s family and ancestors and the center of many of the early events of genesis, including the naming of Israel.
As described by Ezekiel 27:23, Harran along with Sheba and other cities were traders in blue clothes and broidered work, in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords and made of cedar!

Harran female dress was essentially unchanged from 4th c. to the 19th c. (Segal 1963). Temple and relief figure with frock coat - Sumatar Harabesi. The statues show inscriptions to Sin.

Av’ram (Abraham) was born in present-day Iraq to a carpenter who specialized in carving idols. Observing his father carve these statues out of wood, (most likely made of terracotta, stone, ivory & bone), he was struck by his people’s worship and consecration of them. No matter how hard he tried, he never received a satisfactory answer from his father about how he could worship something that he himself had made. Feeling dissatisfied, Ibrahim began talking about this with his friends. This caused his father to worry about his business and, of course, his son. But Ab’ram pursued this issue and even sought to convince others that such worship was futile. Finally, he destroyed all the statues, except the main one. When people asked him who had done such a thing, he told them to ask the surviving statue.
The search for God let Av’ram (Abraham) to consider worshipping various heavenly objects. However, he could not associate their waxing and waning as belonging to the Creator. Finally he dedicated himself to worshipping the Creator of the heavens and Earth, to rejecting all idol worshippers and to becoming a hanif (meaning: one who follows the true religion).
When he began to spread this new idea among his people, he encountered opposition and persecution. Finally, he and his wife Sarah sought refuge in Egypt where Av’ram became Abraham.

Abraham with his wife Hajar it-hetjer

Here we find ourselves within the historical mentioning of Abraham’s and Sara’s immigration to Egypt along with their entire tribe. This history of Abraham we learned through the Torah, Bible & the Koran.

While there, Pharaoh Ay=Aji married his daughter, Princess Hagar to Abraham. Hence she is the wife of Abraham and future mother of Ismail.

Agar = Hajar = Hajira = Hagar

is said that Mount Sinai was also called “Agar” = “Hagar/Arabic: Hajar” and that it was named after Hajar. Arabic translation for Hajar is Stone.

Note: The Hijira or "sudden departure" although applied to the events following 622 A.D. bears the same name as Hajira (Hagar), who discovered the spring of Zamzam flowing by Ismail's foot when searching for water for him after the "sudden departure" of Abraham. (Shad 48). Ref: The Origin of Sin 3: The Lunar Passion and the Daughters of Allah. (St. Paul uses Hagar as a symbol for the bondage of the Old Law. Ref: from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004).

She is of royal bloodline, a princess, and that Hajar’s father was killed by Pharaoh [ Dhul Arsh=Islam suggest the meaning: Possessor of the Throne, [God], as one to be obeyed or:(even that perhaps Israfil, a gigantic archangel is meant)]
As we learned: Pharaoh means God, and not possessor.
Princess Hagar of Ay=Aji it-hetjer = (H)ajar was either a daughter of the Pharaoh Ay=Aji or at least one of his granddaughters.

Why would a Pharaoh give his daughter to Abraham?

1.Abraham believed in one God.
2.History tells us that he had came from Ur. Therefore, Abraham must have benefited from reading, writing and mathematics skills, and probably through his forefathers teaching he must have became a respectful tribal chieftain and a successful trade merchant.
3.Now as an immigrant to Egypt he wanted to be admitted to live in peace within Egypt and or within the surrounding territories.
4.Above mentioned 3 points plus Abraham’s knowledge of the area might have had an convincing impact into the Pharaoh’s decision to give Hajar in marriage to Abraham. As Abraham, the Pharaoh Kheperkheperure Ay=Aji it-hetjer was a religious person himself (high priest) and too, a very successful merchant with trade relations within many neighboring countries. (Hittite’s, Ur, Palestine, Canaan & etc.)
At first everything must have worked out well for Abraham as through his marriage with Hajar he was no longer regarded as an immigrant but as a respectable person in Egypt. However, experience teaches us likewise that whenever something is not based on honesty it most likely will not last.

Abraham’s separation from Hajar and Ismail.
(Within our research of Ay=Aji we do not comment on Sara and Isaac)

It is said that one day Abraham took his two wives and left from Egypt. Some years later he took Hajar and Ismail and eventually settled them within the valley Hijaz, the crossroads of caravan routes between Yemen and Sham= (Jordan, Palestine, Syria), which became Ismail’s Kingdom, the Hijaz - known to you today as Mecca.

Ismail in Hijaz

The Torah, the Bible and the Koran tell us that Abraham returned to the Hijaz in order to help Ismail restore an ancient sanctuary which he had found within his new Kingdom. In doing so he clearly followed his forefathers tradition of the

Pharaoh Ay=Aji

as:

protector and overseer of his people and over land

and fulfilled his obligations as the founder of the Kingdom of the Hijaz.

However, Ismail kept his mother’s name Hagar and title Ay=Aji, it-hetjer which she brought with her from Egypt in order to clearly distinct himself from Sara and Isaac.

Therefore, Ismail named it in Memory of his Mother Hagar al-Hijr, meaning: “Hijar, Rocky place” which as a territory became:

The Kingdom of the Hijaz=Hejaz

The first and second time at the time of Adam. Ref: What is Islam & Who are Muslims? by Jamal Dookhy	At the time of prophet Abraham and Ismail. Ref: What is Islam & Who are Muslims? by Jamal Dookhy	This is how it looked after it was constructed by the prophet Abraham and Ismail (pbuh) which remained like this until it was rebuilt by the (Quraish) the clan that lived in the area before the mission of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The treasures which they were hiding inside had been stolen so the Quraish wanted to rebuild it. Ref: What is Islam & Who are Muslims? by Jamal Dookhy

Ismail maintained his title and the tradition of his forefathers as:

Ay=Aji it-hetjer

as:

High Priest, father of the God

meaning:

protector and overseer of his people and over land

within

the “Barrier” of the Hijaz

 

Kaabah

means:

The Holy House of God

The most sacred and antient TEMPLE of the MAHOMETANS at MECCA.

From: A Faithful Account of the Religion and Manners of the Mahometans by Joseph Pitts of Exon, London 1731.

Holy Shrine and Sanctuary which is
holding the sacred stone al-Hajar al-Aswad - the “Navel of the World” within the Hijr.
(is also known as: al-Hajarul Aswad)
A Minaret at the Kaabah is crowned by the crescent moon.
The Hijr opposite the northwestern face of the Kaabah is an area of special sanctity defined by a low semicircular wall, al-Hatim – “(the broken”). The enclosed area is called al-Hijr –“(the enclosure), and Muslim tradition identifies it as the burial place of Ishmael and Hagar and possibly of Prophet Abraham.

Abraham and Ismail

Having accomplished the task of rebuilding the Holy House of God, Hagar must have had expressed her wish for Ismail and Abraham (+ with regards to Abraham - as a sign for forgiveness – for his mistreatment towards his wife Hagar) to follow within her father, Pharaoh Ay’s=Aji’s and forefathers noble tradition through the ritual of circumcision. This tradition Hagar wanted to maintain and to be continue within all of Ismail’s descendants.
Until today this tradition continued within the two branches of Abraham’s
descendants.

Religious Traditions and Circumcisions
of the Pharaohs

Just when and why circumcision was first practiced in the ancient Near East is not known, but it was widely attested in antiquity. Bodies from 4000 B.C. exhumed in Egypt disclose evidence of circumcision. (Breasted, 353, p. 10). Ancient Egyptian art, on those occasions when the genitals of Egyptian males were depicted, provide evidence of male circumcision. For example, the carpenter portrayed in the 6th dynasty, 2350-2000 B.C., tomb at Saqqara.

Left: Tomb at Saqqara, 6th dynasty, (2350-2000 B.C.) Right: Tomb on Ankh-ma-Hor at Saqquara,
(6th dynasty)

Abraham’s and Ismail’s Circumcision

The Abrahamic convenant, invented by priests, transformed circumcision from an ethic convenant into a theological divinely ordained legal requirement. It is not a puberty rite nor a pre-marital ritual. It is a covenantal sign to be inflicted on infant males on the eight day after birth to signify their inclusion in the divine promises. Failure to circumcise or be circumcised marks a breach of the covenant.

The story concludes with the 99-year-old Abraham circumcising himself, his son Ismail, who was 13 years old, and all male members of his extended household.
Ref: Gerald A. Larue, Religious Traditions and Circumcision

God made a contract with Abraham on circumcision. (Genesis 17:10-14, 24-27). Abraham was not circumcised before going to and after returning from Egypt.

The Holy Source

Beer Lahai Roi or Beer la-(H)ay = (H)ay’s source

known today as Zamzam

Ref: Ibn Ezra the great Jewish sage identifies this well with Zimum (or in other versions, Zimzum), “where the Arabs hold an annual festival. This is Zemzem near Mecca.”
In: First Mention of Kadesh which is Mecca or near Mecca and is not a whim of Veliko...

Prayers

“She gave this name to the Lord who spoke to her: ‘You are the God who sees me,’ for she said, ‘I have now seen the One who sees me.’ That is why the well was called Beer Lahai Roi which is still there, between Kadesh and Bered.” (16:13-14). Ref: #5. God Speaks to Hagar, Abraham’s Other Wife (Genesis 16) by Dr. Ralph F. Wilson.

The Hajira or “sudden departure” although applied to the events following 622 bears the same name as Hajira (Hagar), who discovered the spring of Zamzam flowing by Ismail’s foot when searching for water for him after the “sudden departure” of Abraham. (Shad 48). Ref: The Origin of Sin 3: The Lunar Passion and the Daughters of Allah.

Father, my heart goes out to Hagar. She has suffered slavery, jealousy, mistreatment, and yet you see her and have a plan for her life. Lord, you have a plan for my life, too, and for the lives of my brothers and sisters. Help me to be willing to submit to whatever situation you call me to. Let me not be too inflexible and too proud to walk the path you’ve set for me. Help me to follow Hagar’s example of obedience to you. In Jesus’ name, I pray. Amen.
Ref: #5. God Speaks to Hagar, Abraham’s Other Wife (Genesis 16) by Dr. Ralph F. Wilson

Through the Torah, Bible and the Koran we all are aware of the descendants of the Kingdoms of the Hijaz from the time of Ismail to Jesus to the time of the Prophet Mohammad.(pbuh)

Forty Encounters With the Beloved Prophet

Sixth Encounter

His Noble Lineage

He, (pbuh) was Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-muttalib ibn Hashim (Banu Hashim – founder of tribe) ibn Abdu Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka’b ibn Lu’ay ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr (he was Quraish, so his descendants are known as Quraish, most respected tribe), ibn Malik ibn an-Nadhr ibn Kinanah (famous person whom Prophet mentioned in a hadeeth) ibn Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah ibn Ilyas ibn Mudhar ibn Nizar ibn Ma’add ibn Adnan (forefathers of the vast majority of Arab tribes). Adnan is the direct descendant of Ismail. (peace be uppon him).

Changes in Styles, Characters and Pronunciation of Letters

(Example: Ay became in D: Ai; in E: Ae; in F: Aj; in Greek: Agi, in Latin: Ayi,; in Arabic: Aji)

As we all know the style’s and characters of the letters changed through the periods from Hieroglyphs, Cuneiform, Hebraic, Aramaic, Greek, Latin to Arabic.
Note: In: Cyrus Gordon (Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 41/1,1989) writes that:

Hay (ya) in Ugaritic is the name of the Sumerian God Enki (Earth God).
Hay, Hayy, ay = Living God

Arabic: the name (H)ay appears also in the Kuran as (H)ayy but as an attribute in:

“There is no other god accept Allah
He is (H)ayy=Aji, ever living
He is Kayyum, source of omnipotence”

According to this expression (H)ayy=Aji is an attribute and means alive-vigorous.

Here we only concentrate on the title Ay=Aji

Ay. Meaning: High Priest
Ay. Also means in Latin = Abi, meaning: Our Father (Priest)
Aji, Ay, Ayy also means Our Father (priest) = Abi in Latin & Arabic
As we know the Ay, Ayy, Aji or Abi where the holders, protectors and
overseers of the Kaabah from the time of Ismail until the time of the
Prophet Mohammad.(pbuh) This tradition continued through Ali, Hassan, Abdullah and Idris I with his arrival to the Maghreb.

Note: 03 - Talbiyah and the Sacrifice It has been narrated from Imam Ali [Ibn Abi Talib] (peace be uppon him) that he said, "Jibril (Gabriel) descended to the Noble Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) and said to him, 'O' Muhammad! Command your companion's al-Aji and al-Thalj. The al-Ajj is to raise your voice in pronouncing the Talbiyah (Laabik Allahumma Labbaik) out loud, while the al-Thalj is to slaughter an animal ( on the day of Eid)." Ref: Forty Hadith of Hajj.

Overseer of the Kaabah before Islam:
One of the last holders of the Kaabah before Islam was Amr ibn Hicham, better known by his nickname as:

Abi ......... = Our Father (priest)
today: Abi or Abu is the same: father of

Therefore, Abi means the same as Aji because the origin of the
word has its roots in Egypt, is a title and hence
is to be translated as:

our Father, as a priest

and throughout the Islamic period is called:

Imam

Within the early years of Islam and after
we found many Aji descendants throughout the world.

The life and religion of the Pre-Islamic Arabs, especially in the Hijaz, depended on trade and they made a trade of their religion as well.

Around 170 A.D. Amr ibn Lu' ay = Aji ibn Harath ibn Amr ul-Qais ibn Thalaba ibn Azd ibn Khalan ibn Babalyun ibn Saba, a descendant of Qahtan and King of the Hijaz had put an idol called Hubal (moon god) on the roof of the Kaabat. This was one of the chief deities of the Quraysh before Islam. Ref: Hubal, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Around 570 A.D. the title of - Aji – appears in India. Ref: Memoir of the author by Henry T. Prinsep, London, 1858, v.1, p.[i]-xvi. Hindu Coins-First Kanauj Series, pg. 287 + New Varieties of Bactrian Coins, pg. 354 refering to the Sanskrit equivalent for Diomed may be Aja Medha, a prince of the Lunar race who reigned at Kanya-Kubja.

Around 622 A.D.- 632 A.D. We have Aji Saka, a Javanese who came to Mecca to learn from the prophet Mohammad.(pbuh). Aji meaning: King / ruler. Saka: Pillar of Javanese house ... Ref: Prof.Robert W.Hefner; Tengger Tradition & Islam; Institute of Culture Challenge & Culture Hero: The Tale of Aji Saka & Mohammad, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.

In 630 A.D. the Prophet Mohammad conquered Mecca and ended the Quraysh’s tradition of idol-worship by smashing the statue of Hubal along with the other 360 idols at the Kaabah and re-dedicated the structure to Allah, the one God. (as Abraham did before).

Note: In: Forty Hadith of Hajj; 03 - Talbiyah and the Sacrifice. It has been narrated from Imam Ali [Ibn Abi Talib] (peace be uppon him) that he said, "Jibril (Gabriel) descended to the Noble Prophet Muhammad (blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) and said to him, 'O' Muhammad! Command your companion's al-Ajj and al-Thalj. The al-Ajj is to raise your voice in pronouncing the Talbiyah (Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik) out loud, while the al-Thalj is to slaughter an animal (on the day of Eid)." Ref: Forty Hadith of Hajj.

In 632 A.D. It all goes back to AD 632 ..................... . The origin of the rift was a dynastic dispute, between supporters of the Prophet's family, represented by Aji, and the Prophet's companions, .................. . Ref: In The Rose Garden of the Martyrs, by Christopher de Bellaigue. He mentioned in Chapter One (Karbala) the following:

Arrival of Sharif Idriss to the Maghreb. He brought his title Aji with him from the Hijaz. In 788 A.D. he became Imam Idriss I. He died in 791 A.D.

In 1129 A.D. = 524 H. we find Idriss ibn Youssef ibn Isa al-Aji mentioned by: E. Lévi-Provençal in: Documents Inédits d’Hisotire Almohade, Vol. I, Paris 1928; in Arabic see: pg. 32; for translation see: Extraits du Kitab al-Ansab, pg. 47??

In 1300-1325 A.D. Aji reappears as ruler and founder of the Indonesian kingdom. The title Aji is still in use today. Ref: Malay Kingdom in Indonesia, see: History of Kutai Kingdom Kutai & Styles & Titles.

Until 1360 A.D. the king of Brunei was called Sang Aji . (Reverend Monarch, a title said to be of Sanskrit origin. The dynasty changed in the 1360s but the title is still in use today. Ref: Brunei History.

In the 12th c. A.D. the Katsuren Castle was built and later was praised for its prosperity in the latter half of the 14th c. A.D. to the first part of the 15th c. A.D. This was the era when Aji lords such as Mochidzuki and Amawari were active and later became lord of Katsuren Castle. Ref: Katsuren Castl; Gusuku Site and the Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.

Around 1445-1449 A.D. In: Voyages of Discovery by the Portuguese along the Western Coast of Africa, during the life, and the direction, of Don Henry, Vol. 2, Chapter 3, we find the tribe of the Sanhaga = Assenaji Tribe = The (H)Assen – Aji tribe.

Once again the title of Aji reappears during the 17th-19th c. A.D. within Morocco
and is inscribed on stone monuments, seals and documents.

al-Aji

within Morocco as:
Amir,
our commander, our ruler, our Imam
obligation:
protector and overseer of his people and over land
(following the root of noble descendance)
and
Amir al-Mumenin = Commander of the Faithful
carry the title of:

Sharif

My forefathers saga, the holders of the title al-Aji began with Idriss and continued with his son the founder of Fès. The city of Meknès which was built at the orders of Moulay Ismail al-Aji was accomplished by his son Moulay Abdullah al-Aji in 1732 with the famous gate which carries our title La'al'aj = al-Aji.

Bab al-Mansour La'al'aj

Photo taken by Mr. Russell Carhart Hall, July 28, 1928
Courtesy of Mr. T. Hall, Mississippi – USA
(Note: According to photo records received, the missing panel on your left was already missing in 1911).

The Panel above the gate entrance contains a poem which is published by H. Saladin in “Les Portes de Meknès” d’après les documents envoyés par le Capitaine Emonet du service de renseignements de Meknès, in: Bulletin archéologique, 1915, p. 242-268.
Courtesy of Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris

 

Founder of the City of Mogador

Ref: Rolf Ackermann, pg. 5-6, mit Zitaten aus dem Tagebuch des deutschen Oberstlieutenant a.D. Adolph von Conring (Berlin, 1880), in: Marokko verstehen. Studienkreis für Tourismus e.V., D-Starnberg, 1985. Portrait by: Colonel Maurice Bagenal St.Leger Keatinge, 1785 and reproduced in: Travels through France and Spain to Morocco comprising a Narrative of the authour's Residence in that Empire. With an account of The British Embassy to the Court of Morocco under the late George Payne, Esq. Consul-General, London, 1817. (see Part IV)

 

Mogador was built at the orders of Moulay Sidi Mohammad ben Abdallah al-Aji.

Re: DAFINA.NET; Mogador 1900. Auteur: Echkol, 22.08.2007

 

He dedicated the inscription on the sqala in his and his brothers name and title:

See Arabic writing of al-Aji

Photo: Courtesy of Mr. Hans Peter Schaefer, Köln.
For reference see: Prof. Daniel Schroeter in: Merchants of Essaouira & DAFINA - Les Juifs du Maroc. Re: Mogador, Essaouira, suite. Auteur: Echkol, 7 September 2008 - Ahmed Laalaj & by Ville d'Essaouira, Ahmed Laalaj. See reference to: La racine du mot "Laalaj".

 

 

As a matter of facts, since the time of the Pharaoh Menerferre Ay=Aji the Aji’s continued to leave their titles within their monuments. However, many of their inscriptions which included the title of:

Ay=Aji
were
purposely destroyed
throughout the history in order to erase our trace.

 

Was said by a Pharaoh about 1000 years before Moses.
Ref: Holger Kersten.

Nuk pu nuk

I am, who I am

 

****************************************

 

Idols

This article is intended as a reply to all those who call the Arabs pagans.

Until today I still do not understand why the whole scholars and researchers of history, theology & etc. do not step in and stop this kind of provocation when reading that Arabs are being called pagans. This they neglect to do although they know before hand that it might risk to end up in a catastrophe due to provocation and lack of knowledge. One can but wonder why they let it happen anyway ???????

Therefore, I urge all the Arabs -(Christians, Moslems and Jews) - do not let yourselves be provoked by this group's expression that your ancestors were pagans because this is simply misleading. Please remember that Abraham, Ismail, Jesus, as well as prophet Muhammad himself (peace and blessings be upon them) were of Arab descent and all together condemned idol worshipping and taught us to believe in only one mighty God for all.

As of today, the oldest idol found is recorded to be from:

Tan-Tan (Morocco) and dates from around 300'000 - 500'000 B.C.

Photo: Courtesy of Prof. Dr. Lutz Fiedler, Marburg

Published in: Martin Kuckenburg, Als der Mensch zum Schöpfer wurde. An den Wurzeln der Kultur, Stuttgart, 2001, Abb. 3.14 & 3.15.

 

Here we take a minute to reflect on the means, purpose and use of idols which was a common practice throughout all the world since the beginning of time and as we will see was definitely not practiced by Arabs alone. We further have ample records of various types and styles of idols which were made in different periods throughout the world.

 

 

An example of early European idols

Venus of Dolni Vestonice, Czechia, Venus of Willendorf, Austria, Venus of Lespugue, France,

from around 20'000 B.C. - 30'000 B.C.

 

An example of Arabian idols

 

This is why I must stop here and return to our main subject, idols of Arabia.

During 1000's of years people were living in different regions and amongst different tribes within the vast land of the Middle East and North Africa. They were mostly nomads, constantly travelling within the vast land as herdsman, merchants or shepherds. As today, they were confronted by many economical hardships (droughts) and political disturbances (wars) between countries or tribes which as today created many Muhajir (refugees). Naturally, all these Muhajir's brought with them their old political and religious cultures when settling within new countries or tribes. This resulted in a huge mix of different people following various religious believes. This phenomenon was especially noticeable within big cities because, some of these Muhajir's opened their own small temples, chapels, shrines etc., and others, in order to avoid discrimination and hardship decided to join the established local religion.

 

Model of a terracotta shrine, ca. 600 B.C.

Ref: www.original.britannica.com/eb/art-6039/Terra-cot...

So, once the Quraishy trade caravan had arrived to one of these distant countries, as for example to Mesopotamia, they found themselves within a new trade possibility amongst their own - the trade of idols.

Further, in ancient times the trade of idols was heavily influenced by the believe in "protection" and "religious identity", especially since according to myths - that if an individual owned one or the other idol - he or she could be prevented from harm, misfortune, sickness, or - the idol was to bring him or her prosperity, health, fertility and etc., or - was too, a reminder from where he and his family had come from.

Therefore, it should be clear that the trade of idols was too, a flourishing business throughout the entire region and hence was also used for political and religious purposes, as well as for prestige.

For example: to an ancient Egyptian Muhajir (refugee) the portrait of his pharaoh meant: your daily life is secured and protected by your god and king, even outside of your native country. Today the same is true for a Palestinian refugee living in London who placed a picture of the al-Aqsa Mosque in his house, or - with regards to a Moslem who placed the pictured word of Allah in his house, or - with regards to a carved statue of the Christ placed in the house of a British citizen who lives in the middle of Africa, or - with regards to a Menorah placed within a shop, house or synagogue of a Jewish citizen living in Europe, they all claim and insist that this gives them comfort and protection.

There is absolutely no harm in this believe as long as it's purpose is aimed for the good and above all enforces the believe into one mighty God for all as taught to us by Abraham, Ismail, Jesus and prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon them) - then, it's their freedom to do so.

Let us return to the Kaabah. In Pre-Islamic times the Kaabah was also an international gathering point for merchants who passed through the Hijaz with their trade caravans. While entering through the Meccan gate one first stopped to pay his respect and then set forth to go about his business, or took a short rest and or joined into discussions with other persons and followers who believed in one mighty God. But most important is the fact that at the time, everybody who believed in the mighty God had the right to enter the Kaabah. It is also true that in time of need the Kaabah was there to offer shelter and refuge to people in need. Once again, at the time it did not matter who or from where the people came from - the Kaabah's duty was to help.

One can but imagine how many persons arrived from all these distant countries and tribes to this holy house of God. Logically this fact should also let us understand why there were so many different idols placed in and on the Kaabah. However, in early days these idols were merely a kind of gifts, an offering to the Kaabah, meant as a kind of thank you - while other persons might have left a sheep, salt, sugar or other goods for the Kaabah - well, whatever one wished to share. Today, similar gestures are still practiced within churches - by people giving a little money and light a candle.

According to scholars, the Kaabah's main idol was Hubal and that he was carved out of red agate. According to scholars, the idol was bought by the Quraishy chieftain Amr = Amir ibn Luh'ay (Luh'ayy = Aji) during a business trip to Mesopotamia, who then brought the idol with him by caravan to the kingdom of Hijaz in ca. 170 A.D. Please note that this incident took place around 400 years before the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

So, when Amr ibn Luh'ay entered with his caravan through the Meccan gate he naturally went first to the holy house of God in order to pay his respect and at the same time placed Hubal there. This was a gift worthy of a king and at the time brought lots of pride and prestige to the Kaabah. Note: Meaning of Hubal in Aramaic = SPIRIT = [divine in origine (ancestors)].

But it is also possible to visualize that Amr ibn Luh'ay undertook this trip for two reasons. Firstly, to advanture for new trade possibilities and secondly, to use the occasion to visit Abraham's (his forefather's) birthplace. If this visit did in fact happen, then such an impressive trade caravan would not have remained unnoticed. The local chieftains must have sent out for Amr ibn Luh'ay and ask him to come and join them. Once there, he most likely told them from where he had come from and why. When the chieftains learned of his noble descent they naturally would take him to see the temple of one of their most precious idols, Hubal. Let us remember that Hubal was said to have been carved out of red agate. We also must be aware that at the time this kind of stone was rather rare but especially so when of large size and therefore most valuable. This is why an idol carved out in red agate was more than just an idol - it was their patrimoine. And with regards to the broken arm - well, perhaps it was the idol which was spared by Abraham from being destroyed!???

Having the noble descendant and chieftain of the holy house of God amongst them, it could be possible that the local chieftains entrusted the chieftain Amr ibn Luh'ay to take Hubal and to place him in the Kaabah. Hence, an ancient patrimoine could remind the descendants of Abraham of their forefather's origin, while back in Mesopotamia, the local citizen were assured to be represented by Hubal within one of the most holy houses of God and further were automatically protected by the descendants of the kingdom of Hijaz as both were linked to Abraham.

A Reminder

In 630 A.D., after the bloodless victory at Mecca, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) went and destroyed all the idols on and within the Kaabah, except for:

the al-Hajar al-Aswad the "Navel of the World"

He did so because the Kaabah turned to be used for business and monopoly rather than for education and worship. Once again the followers had distant themselves from the right path.

They had abolished and forgotten the right ways of life

they have forgotten God's law.

Therefore, prophet Muhammad (pbuh) went and did just as Abraham had done before him.
Through the Torah, the Bible and the Koran we are told of another similar matter which had taken place in Jerusalem at the time of Jesus - Jesus throwing out their businesses and their idols from within the holy house of God. Abraham who went to the temple and destroyed all the idols except for one and afterwards had to leave his father's house, and prophet Muhammad (pbuh) who repeated the same at the Kaabah. A simple repeat of history or a warning from God !???

[Today, only few gifts remain within the Kaabah as a reminder of the past. Some are inscribed in Sanskrit, some are even engraved with a cross, there are also various inscriptions on the walls in Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Arabic etc.!]

Through this act prophet Muhammad (pbuh) liberated the people, so the people

may once again open their eyes to see,

may once again open their ears to hear and

may once again open their mouth to speak

He, the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) gave them freedom.

Later, prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed the Haj and ever since, every Moslem, women and men can perform and follow their Islamic religious call.

However, we must remember that in those particular times, as well as during the ten-thousands of years prior to Pre-Islamic times, people had idols. Nowadays people collect idols for various purposes as for, research, knowledge, history, prestige, as well as to improve a better understanding between people of different cultural backgrounds.

Here we invite you to see some of our idols. Some of them were sold in the past to museums, religious institutions as well as to private collectors.

 

Bibel + Orient Museum
Bibel + Orient Museum	Sold to Bible Lands Museum	Sold to Archaeol. Museum, "Dagon" Collecton
			Sold to a museum
	Sold to Musée d'Art et d'Histoire

 

 

Part IV

 

"Orient-Malerei" Based On Western Imagery

regarding:

The Noble Sharifians

At first, the reader must be aware that in Section 1: "Reproductions of 17th cent. to 1873 published drawings", are in general imagery pieces of work which rarely reflect a close resemblance to the actual Sultan. The reason for this is easily explained – since such works (from the beginning of Islam to Sultan Sidi Mhd. IV) were strictly forbidden by law (Sharia). Further, it was impossible for any artist to see a Sharif on his own. However, when a Foreign Delegations was received at the Sharifian Court, then such a delegation was sometimes accompanied by an artist, (example: F-Delacroix; GB-Keatinge). During such an occasions the accompanying artist had, but a brief glance at the Sharif from far distance. All of what the artist saw he had to absorb and memorise in his head as otherwise he would have taken an enormous risk by making a sketch on the spot. The very same law was applicable for the minting of Islamic coins. Example: there are no pictures of Prophet Muhammad, (pbuh), therefore - no portraits appeared on the coinage during the time of the Sharifians. But as the Sharifians were "exchanged" the rules started to change. Hence, today the portraits of the rulers are on the currencies and the portraits of the rulers are on display as well. This old established law on portraits was written with good intentions in order to prevent another kind of worship. This rule however, opened the way for the future occupier to fabricate history.

NOTE:

As of today, the only portrait we found to be of close resemblance is the one of Sidi Muhammad III ibn Abdallah by Colonel Maurice Bagenal St. Leger Keatinge. This drawing was made by a talented artist blessed with a photographic memory.

Section 1

Cherif Muley Rashid al-Aji. Ref: L'illustre et magnifique Cherif Muley Arxid. Print made by Nicolas de Larmessin, died 1694.	Moulay Ismail al-Aji. Ref. Encyclopaedia of the Orient. (artistic representation) & Mouley Seméjn el Heusenin frère du successeur de Mouley Archy aux Roy de Fez, de Maroc, de Tafilet. Portrait de Moulay Isma'il, par le Sieur Germain Moüette. Histoire des conquestes de Mouley Archy, connu sous le nom de Roy de Tafilet, et de Mouley Ismaël ou Seméin, son frère, et son successeur à présent Regnant. Tous deux Rois de Fez, de Maroc, de Tafilet, de Sus, etc. ... Avec une carte du Païs ... Paris, E. Couterot, 1683.	Muley Ismail al-Aji. Ref: John Windus: Reise nach Mequinetz, der Residentz des heutigen Käysers von Fetz und Marocco welche C.Stuart als Gross-Britannischer Gesandter Anno 1721 zur Erledigung der dortigen Gefangenen abgelegt hat. Hannover: Förster, 1726. In Gerhard Rohlfs - Gesammelte Werke: Gesandtschaften von und nach Marokko. Louis XIV schickte 1682 den Graf St. Armand ... . Der Sultan erscheint auf einem schneeweissen, reich aufgeschirrten Hengst, das einemal hat er einen Litham (Schleier) vor, das anderemal ist er entschleiert.	Sultan Abdul Hamid (Sidi Muhammad III ibn Abd Allah al-Aji). Drawing by Francisco de Miranda. At the age of 24 Miranda was fighting with the Spanish troops defending Melilla in 1775, when one day he looked out over the battlements and saw with his own eyes the Sultan sitting in front of his tent directing his troops. Ref: Archives of the Academia Nacional de la Historia, Caracas, Venezuela. Archivo del General Miranda. Viajes. Diaros, 1750-1785. We thank Priscilla H. Roberts for this reference. ARAMCO World, Sept/Oct. 1998 issue: Emissary to Barbary in 1786, by Priscilla H. Roberts and James N. Tull.
Sultan Sidi Mhd. III ben Abdallah al-Aji, 1776. Courtesy of: Tangier American Legation Museum Library.	Sultan Sidi Mhd. III ??? ben Abdallah al-Aji. Ref: Tangier American Legation Museum Society. Long-Time Friends: Early US-Moroccan Relations, 1777-78 by Sherrill Brown Wells in Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 87 (Sept. 1987)	Saadi (Saadian) Homed Ebn Abdallah ben Ismail as Samin ben Sharif, al-Aji, 1785. Note: Sidi Muhammad's eye problem. This was recorded by several Europeans in addition to American Thomas Barclay. Drawing by Colonel Maurice Bagenal St.Leger Keatinge; Travels in Europe and Africa, comprising a Journey through France, Spain and Portugal to Morocco, with a Particular Account of that Empire (London, 1816). For references by Mrs. Priscilla H. Roberts see below.	Saadi (Saadian) Homed Ebn Abdallah al-Aji, 1785. Drawing by Colonel Maurice Bagenal St. Leger Keatinge; Travels in Europe and Africa, comprising a Journey through France, Spain and Portugal to Morocco, with a Particular Account of that Empire (London, 1816).
Sultan Moulay Abderrahman ben Muhammad al-Aji. Ref: The Royal Families Thread [MENA] - List of rulers of Mauretania Tingitania etc. www.skyscrapercity.com. Further information still pending.	Sultan Moulay Abd er-Rahman ben Muhammad ben Ismail as Samin bin Sharif al-Aji at Meknès of 1832, receiving the French Delegation. Painting by E. Delacroix, 1845. Toulouse, Musée des Augustins Ref: The sultan's authority: Delacroix, paintings, and politics at the Salon of 1845.	Muley Sidi Mohamet al-Aji, Emperador de Marruecos by Charles Labielle, (1859?), Barna. From the collection of the Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies (TALIM).	Sultan Sidi Mohammed ben Abder Rahman al-Aji, in Fes, November 23, 1868, receiving the British Delegation of Tangier, represented by Sir John Drummond-Hay and accompanied by his staff and family. Courtesy of Mr. Robert Drummond-Hay, London. Based on a letter written by John Drummond-Hay to Lord Stanley, see: A History of Anglo-Moroccan Relations to 1900 by P.G. Rogers. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chapter 8 p. 177-178. The artist remains for now unknown.

 

On 28 December 1867, in a despatch to Lord Stanley, Sir John Drummond-Hay wrote: The country, is in a more wretched state of anarchy ........; but the chief evil in my opinion is the character of the present Sultan, Seed Mohamed, who is totally unfit, from the very fact of his being of a mild and humane disposition, and opposed to the punishment by death, to rule over the wild and warlike people of Morocco. Ref: A History of Anglo -Moroccan Relations to 1900 by P.G. Rogers. London, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chapter 8 page 177.

 

Why did one need such drawings.

First: Some of these 17th - 19th c. artists, travellers, journalists, foreign diplomates wanted to be able to sell their books or newspaper articles and this was one of the reasons of why one created such imagery portraits. For further references see: Prof. Edward Said - On Orientalism, 1978
Second: The other reason was a military one. As Europe's kingdoms were once again in a desperate need to put their hands on other countries wealth and belongings they had to create a propaganda of fear (with drawings) in order to convince their citizens to take-up the arms against the Sharifian rulers. (see examples below, nos. 1 & 2)
Third: Trade Agreements. Another way was in demonstrating- or use of military force. Through such acts of force Europeans let the Sharif understand that he was well advised by simply signing Europe's new trade agreements favourable to Europe or risk to be occupied. Similar situations you still witness in the case of Palestine, Iraq, Africa and etc. (see example below, no. 3)

Muley Ismael, at 82 years of age. For reference on style and dress code see picture on your right.

 

Réception Solennelle du Consul Général de Belgique Mr. E. Daluin, par l'Empereur du Maroc à Rabat, dimanche le 4 décembre 1864 à 10 heures. Le tableau a été peint par le peintre Félix Augustin Milius, Tanger 1865, size: 110 x 140 cm. And in the "Gibraltar Chronicle, December 12, 1864 we read: The Sultan is still here, and has now been visited by most of the Representatives of the European Powers who ordinarily reside at Tangier. The Ministers and diplomatic agents of England, France, Spain, Italy and Belgium have made their appearance at the Sultan's Court, or we should rather say, his camp........

Courtesy of the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Nineteenth-century engraving showing the Sultan of Morocco receiving Sir Moses Montefiore in the courtyard of his palace at Marrakech. Ref: By Michael Palomino in: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Morocco, Vol. 12, col. 329-330, Moses Montefiore. On matters regarding a decree (dahir) we received the following information: the sultans did not "sign" decreees (dahirs). They simply stamped their seal which bears their name and the "prayer". As for this original dahir - we been unable to locate its whereabouts!

Sephardi And Middle Eastern Jewries. History and Culture in the Modern Era. See: Daniel J. Schroeter and Joseph Chetrit, page 106: The challenge to the dhimma system is best symbolized by the visit of Moses Montefiore to Morocco in 1863-64. Montefiore went to the court of Sultan Mawlay Abd ar-Rahman in Marrakech and through the backing of the British government ......

BLADI.NET. 20 septembre 2003. Esquisse historique du tapis marocains: une combinaison de formes et de couleurs: En 1867, le Sultan Moulay Abderrahman envoie, avec un célèbre commerçant de Fès, à la deuxième exposition universelle de Paris, "tout ce qu'il y a de mieux ....... Cet article est paru dans "Du signe à l'image", le tapis marocain by Prof. Ali Amahan; Edition Lak international; who told that he took this information from a book written by Prof. Mohamed al-Manouni.

Menara gardens. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The name menara derives from the pavillon with its small green pyramid roof (menzeh). The pavillon was built during the 16th century Saadi dynasty and renovated in 1869 by Sultan Abderrahmane of Morocco, who used to stay here in summertime. Menara gardens II .The pavillon and the great water reservoir were built by Saadian Sultan Abd er Rahman in 1870. see: Travelphoto.net, 17.02.07

In Glossaire as: Alaoui Abderrahman & Alaji Abderrahman, Ministre plénipotentiaire marocain, 20.12.1861. www.douane.gov.ma/Histoire_douane/GLOSSAIRE.htm

 

For further informations on how artists solved their problems in "Orient-Malerei" you may like to read the following article in:

Al-Maqam

Zeitschrift für arabische Kunst und Kultur, Nr. 3, 2007.

Das Lächeln der Odaliske. Ansichten über "Orient-Malerei"

by

Svetlana Georgieva

 

Section 2

The Alawi Dynasty

GENEALOGY

by: Christopher Buyers

Professeur Pierre Rousseau confirme que tous ces portraits ont été réalisés (durant le 20e siècle) par V. Zveg et se trouvent au Palais Royal de Rabat.

Ref: Ces tableaux figurent dans les livres de Daniel Eustache (3. Vol.) "Corpus des Monnaies Alawites", J.P. Taillandier, 1985. Courtesy of Dafina.net - Les Juifs du Maroc: Culture: Peintres au Maroc

Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad I as-Sharif bin Ali	Sultan Sidi Muahmmad II bin Sharif	Sultan Sidi Muhammad al-Rashid bin Sharif	Sultan Ismail as-Samin bin Sharif
Sultan Abu Marwan Mulay Abdul Malik	Sultan Abul Abbas Mulay Ahmad ud-Dhahabi bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Abul Hasan Mulay Ali al-Iraj bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Abu Abdullah Sidi Muhammad II ben Arbia
Sultan Abu Hasan Ali Mulay Zainal-Abdin bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Mulay Muhammad al-Mustadi bin Ismail as-Samin	SultanAbu Abbas Mulay Abdullah bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Sidi Muhammad III bin Abdallah
Sultan Mulay al-Yazid bin Muhammad	Sultan Abu ar-Rabi Mulay Sulaiman II bin Muhammad	Sultan Haj Abderrahman bin Muhammad	Sultan Sidi Muhammad IV bin Abderrahman bin Muhammad
Hasan I, as Sultan	Abdel-Aziz, as Sultan	Hafid, as Sultan	Youssef, as Sultan

and from another source

Sultan Mulay al-Rashid. Ref: HISTOR11	Sultan Sidi Muhamad ben Abdallah. Fondateur de Mogador. Ref: DARNNA.com. Le vieux Mogador au debut du siècle dernier par: Echkol.	Hasan I, as Sultan and Freemason. Ref: Mohand N. http://pages.videotron.com/aitndhir
Abdel-Aziz, as Sultan. Ref: Mohand N. http://pages.videotron.com/aitndhir	Hafid, as Sultan and Freemason. Ref: Mohand N. http://pages.videotron.com/aitndhir	Youssef, as Sultan. Ref: www.skyscrapercity.com

All above reproduced so-called "Alawi Dynasty paintings" (section 2) are belonging to a series of 20th century portraits made for the Mausoleum of Sidi Muhammad V, (construction from: 1961-1967). A copy of such a product or rather, a falsification of documents is: the so-called portrait of Sultan Sidi Muhammad III, which was given to Tangier American Legation Institute Museum (TALIM) as a gift for commemorating the 200 year old Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship. The very same fake was likewise used in Tanger: Porte entre Deux Mondes by Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis Miège, (a F-historian and expert in Moroccan history; b. Rabat, 1923), Georges Bousquet, Jacques Denarnaud & Florence Beaufre, Paris, ACR Edition, 1992, page 18, (Archives Royales, Rabat).
Today, the artist name is known to be V. ZVEG.

What a shameful thing to do! You, the historians, knowledgeable and highly regarded scholars and experts in Arabian history, religion, law and culture, are now educating your students and citizens that all these above forged portraits are the true portraits of the individual Sharif.

Sultan Sidi Muhammad III al-Aji, 1785. For references by Priscilla H. Roberts please see below	Al-Alawi Sidi Muhammad III, a 20th century painting made by V. ZVEG used in The Alawi Dynasty GENEALOGY and commonly reproduced as being the portrait of Sidi Muhammad III

Sidi Muhammad's eye problem was mentioned by several Europeans in addition to American Thomas Barclay. Ref: Un chargé d'affaires au Maroc: La correspondence du consul Louis Chénier, 1767-1782. Pierre Grillon, editor (Paris, S.E.V.P.E.N., 1970, 2 vols.): "Sidi Mohamed aurait eu un visage assez avenant si un léger strabisme n'avait donné à son regard quelque chose de farouche et d'inquiétant" (vol. 1, p. 31). In Col. Keatinge: "His eyes glance in different directions, one revolving upwards, while the other is cast on the person to whom he addresses himself (appearing as if, like the eyes of the chameleon, governed by distinct nerves)... (p. 237). William Lempriere in his A Tour from Gibraltar to Tangier, Sallee, Mogodore, Santa Cruz, Tarudant; and thence, over Mount Atlas, to Morocco ...(London, 1791) writes: "I found the emperor Sidi Mahomet to be a tall, thin old man, of near eighty years of age, and of a fallow complexion. From a visage naturally long, and a distortion of one eye, united with an acqired habit of austerity, his appearance at first was rather disgusting to strangers; but that impression was soon worn off by the affability of his conversation.. (p. 214-215). Thomas Barclay in 1786 described the sultan's appearance as "He is of a middle Stature, inclining to fat, and has a remarkable cast in his right eye which looks blacker than the other". See: Thomas Barclay (1728-1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary by Priscilla H. Roberts and Richard S. Roberts, p. 209, (Bethlehem, PA, Lehigh University Press, 2008), but from the Papers of Thomas Jefferson (Julian P. Boyd, editor, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1954), vol. 10, p. 359, from a letter Barclay wrote to the American Commissioners (Jefferson and John Adams) dated Tangier 13. September 1786. Another traveler who commented on Sidi Mhd's eyes, though not on the "distortion", is Samuel Romanelli in his Travail in an Arab Land. This work first appeared in Hebrew in 1792, an account of the author's four years in Morocco from 1787-1790. It was translated by Yedida K. Stillman and Norman A. Stillman in 1989 and published in English by the University of Alabama Press (Tuscaloosa and London). On p. 98 one reads: "The Sultan was of a ripe old age, but with a robust, strong physique. His eyes are like burning torches, and his voice is powerful". We thank Priscilla H. Roberts for these references.

 

Only, - why is there such an urgency in doing such a thing? Well, the answer to this question you may find within the following explanation:

The Freemason's Grip to Power

Hassan I, as Sultan. Ref: Les Francs-Maçons au Maroc sous la IIIe République, 1867-1940.	Hassan I, as Sultan. Ref: emsomipy.free.fr/Maroc128.009-1867ImplatationMaroc.htm	Hasan I, as Sultan. Ref: The Illustrated London News by Richard Caton Woodville in: The British Mission To Morocco, 1887.	Hassan I, as Sultan, 1891. Ref: en.wikipedia.org./ wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco

Hasan I on horseback. Grand Vizir Ba Ahmed ben Moussa is stg. next to him. Ba Ahmed - d'un père noire venu d'Afrique noire, et d'une mère juive, c'est-à-dire, selon la tradition sioniste, un vrai juif - n'était ni politicien local ni un homme d'état marocain. Ref: A. Rami, Les Sultans "Alaouites" Au Maroc.	Death of Hassan I, June 7, 1894. Ref: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_I_of_Morocco

On 24 September 1872 the Foreign Secretary, Lord Granville to Drummond-Hay. Granville enclosed the Queen's letter of accreditation, and Hay was instructed to present it to the Sultan as soon as convenient. He left Tangier for Court on 24 March 1873, and arrived in Marrakesh on 5 April. There he found that Sidi Moussa, the Lord High Chamberlain, had become the real ruler of Morocco (so Drummond-Hay declared), and that the Grand Vizier and other Ministers had become mere cyphers. After his return to Tangier Drummond-Hay wrote to Lord Granville on 18 May 1873, saying that during his visit to Court he had judged it wise to make friends with Sidi Moussa. Ref: A History of Anglo-Moroccan Relations to 1900 by P.G. Rogers. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chapter 8 page 179. Sidi Moussa was succeeded, when he died in 1879, by his son Ba Ahmed ben Moussa. Ref: Morocco since 1830 by C.R. Pennell.

Abdel-Aziz, ici en tenue d'officier turc: sa mère "lalla Rkia" était turque d'origine juive. Ref: A. Rami, Les Sultans "Alaouites" Au Maroc.	Abdel-Aziz, as Sultan. Ref: http://marocjadis.webobo. com/diaporama.php?id_menu= 290640&page=2	Abdel-Aziz, as Sultan. Ref: Abdelaziz of Morocco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia	Hafid, Freemason &"commandeur des croyants", 1908 à 1912, cupide et débauche: au cour d'une fole soirée avec des occupants. Remarquez la bouteille de Wyski et le pied replié sans la babouche. Ref: A. Rami, Les Sultans "Alaouites" Au Maroc.	Youssef, as Sultan. Ref: http://marocjadis.webobo.com/diaporama .php?id_menu=290640&page=1

Alawi
by
Ami Isseroff

Alawi (Arabic) are a sect akin to Shi'ite Islam in Syria. The Alawi are not to be confused with Alevi. The question of whether or not Alawi are Muslims is disputed. Alawites are a minority but they are politically powerful today. The clan of the ruling Assad family is Alawi (or Alawite) and under their rule, the Alawi were legitimized officially as Muslims.

Alawi were possibly originally Nusayriya, an off-shoot sect of Twelver Shiites that split off in the 9th century. The Alawites claim they originated with the eleventh Shia Imam, Hasan al Askari (d.873), and his pupil Ibn Nusayr (d.868).[6] Ibn Nusayr declared that he is the Bab Door (representative) of the eleventh Imam. The sect may have been organized by a follower of Ibn Nusayr's, al-Khasibi, who died in Aleppo in about 969. Al-Tabarani, a grandson of al-Khasibi moved to Latakia on the Syrian coast. There he gathered a following and converted much of the local population.

Under the French mandate, Alawi and other minorities got autonomy and were accepted as colonial troops. Many Alawite chieftains opted for a separate Alawite nation and tried to convert their autonomy into independence. An Alawite territory was created in 1925, and in May 1930 , the Government of Latakia was created. It was incorporated into Syria on February 28, 1937.

In 1939 the Sanjak of Alexandretta in north Syria, now Hatay, which had a large Alawi population, was given to Turkey by the French. This has been a source of bitterness for Syrians and Alawites in particular. Zaki al-Arsuzi, a young Alawite leader from Antioch in Iskandrun (later named the Hatay by the Turks) who led the resistance to the annexation of Alexandretta to the Turks, later became one of the founders of the Ba'ath Party. After World War II, when Syria became independent, the Alawite provinces were united with Syria. Alawite followers of Sulayman al-Murshid tried to resist integration. al-Murshidwas captured and hanged in Damascus in 1946.

However, you should be aware that there is is a dispute (as there are about many points) as to whether the Alawi are or are not related to the Alevi in Turkey. About half the sources I have consulted are quite confident that they the same sect, and the other half are quite sure they are not.
Ref: MidEastweb for Coexistence. See: http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/alawi.htm

WAR CRIMES

Despicable war crimes were committed against my forefathers, the Sharifian Sultanate, in which Swiss military regiments actively participated in and this at least since 1721.
The Zionists, Freemason's, the European kingdoms, mainly GB/F& E and the Alawi were helped and supported by the Swiss military and Swiss government who continued to take part in those military agressions against us, in order to prepare the road for the future French protectorat. Naturally, the Swiss government would not have involved herself without making sure that the government will benefit from this. However, many many family members belonging to the Sharifian al-Aji's lost their lives because of this but this is especially true once the Alawi-Freemason's were put in power starting with Hasan I, in 1873.
From this day on one tried not only to eliminate the Seed of the Noble Sharifian bloodline but rather tried to annul its very existence throughout history!
In all of this the Swiss government played an active role. This is especially true and noticeable with regards to the Sharifian wealth „Banque Chérifienne“* as well as "les Mines Chérifiennes"* and etc. All this was handled by a Swiss, (designated by the Swiss government) and the Tribunal Fédéral in Lausanne. But always in accordance and at the satisfaction of the French and Spaniards.

 

Aus dem Nachlass des Prof. Dr.iur. Max Huber (1874-1960). Präsident des IKRK, Professor für Völkerrecht.

For references on Dr.iur. Max Huber see: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz, 4. Band, Güttingen-Mailand, Neuenburg 1927

Imagine the amazement by which the Swiss government must have been struck with when suddenly realizing that as of October 3, 1983, they had the Seed of the Noble Sharifian al-Aji descendant residing within their own territory, along with his Swiss wife and his father (by adoption) the Hon. Dr. Burton Yost Berry, former US-Ambassador. The only advantage the Swiss government, Swiss Elite, Zionists, Freemason's and Alawite had over my husband was: He, my husband, had no knowledge of his descent !

At first the daily live and business was moving on very well. However, this changed when my father-in-law had a routine check-up with one of his old Swiss doctors (Urologist). As my husband had accompanied him he (BYB) informed my husband right away that he had been given an injection by his doctor. Well, around 5 to 7 hours later my father-in-law was dead. This was also the last time my husband was permitted to see his father. (on your left see: "Memorandum of Personal Observations" written in Iraq, 1952 by BYB)

But this is only one of many mysterious circumstances which happened from this day on. They were directed against my husband 's life, our business, our children and etc. etc. and this until this day.
Finally, ostracized and unprotected we found ourselves in midst of a holocaust which was instigated against us by above mentioned groups. They probably thought that through this we will resign due to despair and vanish without a trace. Well:

"A Sharif descendant will always stand-up firm and call out for justice to be implemented and executed".

Besides, today the Sharif is well aware of all the war crimes which were committed directly or indirectly by these Swiss groups against his forefathers and, which since August 22, 1985 continued in the form of political persecution against himself, his wife and children as well as against our business.

 

Today the time has come to announce the truth loudly throughout the world of what the Swiss government had done and still continues to do to this day towards the descendant of the Noble Sharifian living in Switzerland.

 

Therefore, should there be a democratic country who genuinely believes in and respect international laws, equality, freedom and human rights - then this matter must be brought to justice.

 

 

Dictionnaire Historique & Biographique de la Suisse. Publié avec la recommandation de la Société Générale Suisse d'Histoire, Tome IV, HEGGLI-MONTREUX, page 669 (Maroc), 1928.

 

Marc Perrenoud, Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) vom 22.08.2008. http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F3456.php ?PHPSESSID=b6f41457 dcdbca692c44b2d5b9f049b8

 

A Letter to Remember

 

Zurich, November 7, 2001

Dear Sheikh al-Thani,

plus copies sent to Federal Councillor Mr. Couchepin and etc.

With this coming WTO meeting in Doha I would like to take-up the opportunity to update the Arab World of the "Swiss & English Manipulation Tactics" while explaining and letting all the Arabs understand that these organizations prepare their tactics at least 10 - 15 years ahead of time. Therefore, all the new coming generations will be falling into the same traps as their parents and relatives have before them, if not educated and informed before agreeing on any foreign trade agreements or making any investments abroad especially within Switzerland and England. All what these organizations care for is - money! They let you bring all your wealth, they let you invested all and let you continue to believe that you too, will receive the same rights of doing business, on educational levels, as your colleagues. However, this is not the case, soon you will find out that there is no government, no institutions and no law which can, nor which will help to protect you! You will find out that you are a total outsider, just belonging to a small minority which no one cares for, (that is, "except your money of course"), and for whom no government employee nor lawyer will take the chance to burn his fingers for.

However, the Swiss banks which are connected and working with the government and by the way are also dealing in arts in general, - as you know, - let you understand - we have all the time to wait ! So, if you are not strong, if you do not believe in yourself and if you cannot continue to struggle for your legal rights, they will come and successfully take all your wealth away from you, but this time, with the blessing of the government law.

I once stressed within my letters addressed to the Swiss government, President Moritz Leuenberger, Federal Councillor Mr. Couchepin as well as the Swiss Federal Court in Lausanne, that Arabs are intelligent people too, and therefore should receive the same basic human rights as everybody else, but got nowhere! Joined sharing of knowledge is essential to all human races and today more than ever, - an absolute must! Only by respecting each human, by using good balance and by applying equal fairness, we can stop this type of terrorism.

Without exception, every human - young and old - knows this and is perfectly able to make out the difference between right and wrong! Unfortunately, the big money powers prefer to continue to look the other side! Nonethless, the unanswered question remains: "for what prupose ? - or, - for what reason ? what is their real aim ? The answer is money! The European govenrment needs money desperately! Therefore, they are looking for total control over minorities, like: people which are unable, or simpy to week to unit, and then, as an excuse, - and because their country is unable to pay back their credit or interest which they received from the European government in the first place -, they will come and take up total control over their country products and put the native population by and with all means at their mercy!

When countries or people are broke, they are nothing more than cheap slave workers.

Now, as European richness dwindles rapidly once again, they must look eagerly for alternatives. They absolutely must get to the until now unexploited richness lying just under the surface of foreign countries. If this would be executed within equal fairness, nor harm would be done. Live and let people live has never hurt anyone. But unfortunately the big money power idea is only to take over and to manipulate everyone and everything!

Since high education amongst Near Eastern & Asian populations is still extremely low, around 10-20% only, they will not be able to understand nor foresee what is going on until it hits them. Nevertheless, the result will be another 100 years of poverty, (if you still have a 100 years), slave work, living in ghettos, famine, no high education of course and a never ending begging for food aid! All this is the inevitable result of a population not being able to see, understand nor analyze their countries God given richness.

Remains the last question to ask: Is or are the rulers of such countries educated enough to understand the maneuvers or outcome of such irrevocable agreements before causing their people a holocaust ?

If they are not sure of their doing then there is no shame in asking good peoples honest and wise advice - after all - a whole nations future is at stake.

 

Section 3

Conclusion:

The Alawi (Alaouite) Portraits

were made in 1971 by

Wladimir Zveguintzoff , aka V. Zveg

at the request of

King Hassan II

 

About the artist

Wladimir Zveguintzoff, aka V. Zveg was born in St. Petersburg on 13.07.1913 and appeared on the electoral list of Nogent sur Marne - France, in 1960.

We received this information, Courtesy of Mme. Boulangé, Archives Nogent sur Marne

&

from the US Navy Art Collection, Washington, D.C.

I can confirm that Wladimir Zveguintzoff is his full name. He uses the address at Nogent sur Marne until 1977. He did work for the United States Navy and the Naval Historical Center from 1967 through 1977. For the work he did for the United States Navy (portraits of important US naval figures) he was paid by the US Navy and the Naval Historical Center. Often times, he would submit the completed paintings to the Naval Attaché in Paris for shipment to Washington, D.C.

In the letter dated December 22, 1968 Mr. Zveg wrote: I'll just have to interrupt this programme for the holiday season since I am - rather unexpectedly - invited by the King of Morocco to spend a few days with him at Rabat.

&

We received this information:

Courtesy of Ms Pam Overmann, Curator, Navy Art Collection, Wash. D.C.

&

In: (Magharebia.com) Moroccan association calls for friendship and co-existence.

Posted by Zveguintzoff in response to V. Zveg (1913 - 2006) ........ . Authored by his nephew.

 

Recapitulation of facts taking place since 1721

Les plus anciens rapports de la Suisse avec le Sultanat du Maroc remontent au temps du service mercenaire Suisse en Espagne. En 1721, le régiment Nideröst combattit à Ceuta contre les Marocains. Les régiments Wirz, Bessler et Aregger au service de l'Espagne furent aussi engagés dans des campagnes contre le Sultan du Maroc. Ref: Dictionnaire Historique & Biographique de la Suisse, Maroc, 1928

MSS-Buchanan Catalogue: 1858 -1860 Madrid, Spain. Very interesting correspondence about a Spanish debt which was owned to the British government ...........

 

Source: VNN Forum, white-history.com Help Me Out

MSS-Buchanan Catalogue: 1858-1860 Madrid, Spain. University of Nottingham: Bu 11/21, 18.2.1860. Letter from W. Stuart to A. Buchanan, Madrid 18.2.1860, comments that his information about phosphate of lime was very interesting; asks for some to be sent to him in Glasgow; believes the Spanish should pay their debts & L'anglais Carleton a prétendu trouver durant l'année 1860 une mine des métaux. Ainsi, il a envoyée l'information de sa découverte au Drammund-Hay. Et pendant que le Makhzen était occupé à ce moment là de régler ses différences avec l'Espagne, ..... . Die Marokkanischen Eisenbahnen *interrailers.net. Historie. Die Geschichte der Eisenbahn in Marokko ist eng mit den Wechselfällen der internationalen Politik und der Kolonialgeschichte verknüpft. Erste schüchterne Versuche gab es schon 1860, als eine 11 km lange Bahnstrecke Rio Martin und Tétouan verband, die zwei Jahre später aber schon wieder eingestellt wurde, nachdem England mit seinem ersten Kolonisierungsversuch gescheitert war. Goethe-Institut Midad-deutsch-arabisches Literaturforum. Die aller erste, allerdings winzige Strecke (11 km) wurde 1860 von den Spaniern gebaut, zwischen Rio Martin und Tetouan am Mittelmeer. Der Grund waren Truppentransporte nach der ersten Marokkanischen Kampagne 1859. Die Eisenbahn war zunächst ein Instrument kolonialer Ausbeutung - und da sich verschiedene Mächte darum bemühten, etablierten sie verschiedene Systeme. ...

The Embassy from Morocco left Tanger on June 4, 1860 to London. The Ambassador Seeyed al-Haj Abderrahman al-Aji was to raise a loan in order to pay the Spaniards so they may free Tetouan. During his visit Haj Abderrahman al-Aji handed to Lord John Russell a long document which set forth in detail the Moroccan Government's view of the events which had led to the war with Spain, .......... . The Ambassador, Seeyed al-Haj Abderrahman stayed at the Claridge's Hotel from June 26th to July 30th 1860. Ref: Anglo-Moroccan Relations. The Age of Palmerston and Russell, page 171. Tanger, December 20, 1861, the learned Fakee Seeyed Hadj Abderrahman al-Aji. Tanger, le 4 janvier 1862, le lettré Sidi al Hadj Abd-er-Rahman al-Aji signed the Traité d'amitié de Commerce et Navigation entre la Belgique et le Maroc & etc., etc.

Comment by Sir John Drummond-Hay

On 28 December 1867, in a despatch to Lord Stanley, Sir John Drummond-Hay wrote: The country, is in a more wretched state of anarchy ........; but the chief evil in my opinion is the character of the present Sultan, Seed Mohamed, who is totally unfit, from the very fact of his being of a mild and humane disposition, and opposed to the punishment by death, to rule over the wild and warlike people of Morocco. Ref: A History of Anglo -Moroccan Relations to 1900 by P.G. Rogers. London, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chapter 8 page 177.

On 24 September 1872 the Foreign Secretary, Lord Granville to Drummond-Hay. Granville enclosed the Queen's letter of accreditation, and Hay was instructed to present it to the Sultan as soon as convenient. He left Tangier for Court on 24 March 1873, and arrived in Marrakesh on 5 April. There he found that Sidi Moussa, the Lord High Chamberlain, had become the real ruler of Morocco (so Drummond-Hay declared), and that the Grand Vizier and other Ministers had become mere cyphers. After his return to Tangier Drummond-Hay wrote to Lord Granville on 18 May 1873, saying that during his visit to Court he had judged it wise to make friends with Sidi Moussa. Ref: A History of Anglo-Moroccan Relations to 1900 by P.G. Rogers. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Chapter 8 page 179. Sidi Moussa was succeeded, when he died in 1879, by his son Ba Ahmed ben Moussa. Ref: Morocco since 1830 by C.R. Pennell.

On September 16, 1873 Sidi Muhammad IV al-Aji – a descendant of the Sharifian bloodline – was declared deceased? (in our inheritance papers this is not the case) and immediately replaced with Hassan I - a Freemason.

Nonetheless, this was the official beginning of the Alawi (Alaouite) infiltration to the Moroccan throne which was successfully concluded through the help of the Zionists and the European elite. The aime of the Zionists and European elite was to protect their financial interest over the Moroccan wealth.

&

First:Remarks

Various interviews made on Mr. Ahmed Rami. Further, we received from Mr. Rami his book

“Zuerst nach Casablanca”.

Within an interview he also speaks of a well kept secret:
King Sidi Mohammed V’s adoption of Hassan II and etc.Ref: http://abbc.net/alaouites/hassan2/fils-de-glaoui.htm; Hassan II is the son of Glaoui; Mohamed VI baptised by a Rabbi from Israel; the Freemasons in Morocco & Moulay Hafid, 1867-1937.

Second:

Mr. Rami and Prof. Pennell both speak of a Coup d’Etat which took place in the palace on February 26, 1961 against King Sidi Mohammed V. Two Swiss doctors convinced King Sidi Mohammed V to undertake a minor nose correction which could be done within the palace. This was done on 26.02.1961 by Prof. Jean-Pierre Taillens, Lausanne & Dr. Raymond, Lausanne. (NZZ, 27.02.1961) Cf: Prof. C.R. Pennell; Morocco, from Empire to Independence; page 166. Ahmed Rami; Corruption and Crime in Hassan’s court. Hassan II announced Sidi Mohammed's death and immediately proclaimed himself king. Shortly after that the Swiss-Moroccan relations improved once again which briefly went sour once the French returned King Sidi Mohammed from exile. (1955 to February 26, 1961). See no. 1.

Third:

Another site speaks of Hassan II & his sons baptism which took place at the palace at the request of a Rabbi from Israel. Cf: Abdelilah Bouasria; Chercheur en politique, Wash. D.C. & Prof. Robert Assaraf, a Moroccan Jewish historian, Paris. See no. 1.

Fourth:

Another subject on the web is a present. A slave girl which was given by El-Glaoui to King Sidi Mohammed V. According to the story the King had no idea that the girl he just received was already pregnant with the future Hassan II. Further it is mentioned that Hassan’s real father is El-Glaoui a Berber from the Southern part of Morocco and that Hassan’s real mother was of Berber-Jewish descend. Further, El-Glaoui was a known French collaborator with his own political ambitions. Cf: Dar El Glaoui: El Glaoui: The pasha of Marrakesh. Time Magazine. Monday, Sept. 5, 1955; Revolt & Revenge & Time Magazine. Monday, May 20, 1957; Who Is Boss?

Following the Coup d'Etat, (1961) Hassan II announced the death of Sidi Mohammed V and immediately proclaimed himself king. Since that day Hassan ruled over Morocco with an iron fist – totally contrary to Sharifian law. Nonetheless, this kind of rule created unrest within the country and questions arose on Hassan's legitimacy which left him with a serious problem as Hassan was not of Sharifian descent but now was in need to create his Sharifian descendence for the Moroccan citizens. Well, in 1968 Hassan and his secret helpers had the glorious idea to invite Mr. Zveg to Morocco. The pretext was, to make a portrait of king Hassan II. However, after the dramatic events at the Skhirat Palace of July 1971, Mr. Zveg had not only to paint the portrait of king Hassan II but noted:

"I have got to paint all his ancestors"

for King's Mohammed V Memorial ..... . Suddenly Mr. Zveg had found himself within a situation where he had to do as he been told.

Portraits by Mr. V. Zveg

Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad I as-Sharif bin Ali	Sultan Sidi Muahmmad II bin Sharif	Sultan Sidi Muhammad al-Rashid bin Sharif	Sultan Ismail as-Samin bin Sharif
Sultan Abu Marwan Mulay Abdul Malik	Sultan Abul Abbas Mulay Ahmad ud-Dhahabi bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Abul Hasan Mulay Ali al-Iraj bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Abu Abdullah Sidi Muhammad II ben Arbia
Sultan Abu Hasan Ali Mulay Zainal-Abdin bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Mulay Muhammad al-Mustadi bin Ismail as-Samin	SultanAbu Abbas Mulay Abdullah bin Ismail as-Samin	Sultan Sidi Muhammad III bin Abdallah
Sultan Mulay al-Yazid bin Muhammad	Sultan Abu ar-Rabi Mulay Sulaiman II bin Muhammad	Sultan Haj Abderrahman bin Muhammad	Sultan Sidi Muhammad IV bin Abderrahman bin Muhammad
Hasan I, as Sultan	Abdel-Aziz, as Sultan	Hafid, as Sultan	Youssef, as Sultan

Muhammed V, as King

Hassan II, as King

 

News published on June 12, 1894

in

The New York Times

&

on June 13, 1894

 

Until today Morocco remains at the mercy of Europe's elite and under Zionist control.

e.g. NZZ, 15.03.1979 Abkommen mit Marokko. Schürch (fdp., Bern) als Präsident der Kommission für auswärtige Angelegenheiten hat ebenfalls schriftlich Genehmigung des Abkommens mit Marokko betreffend Entschädigung schweizerischer Interessen beantragt.

J. Ziegler (soz., Genf) opponiert aus grundsätzlichen Erwägungen. Wir lassen uns für Werte entschädigen, welche Schweizer in der Kolonialzeit gestohlen haben. Das ist ein Skandal und unmoralisch.

e.g. On December 17, 1985 a new agreement between the Swiss Confederacy "Federal Council" and the "Kingdom of Morocco" over promotion and equal protection of investments was concluded.

Kindly help spreading the news by forwarding this website to friends and colleagues. Thank you.

To be continued.

For comments contact: noble_sharifian@yahoo.com

JERUSALEM-------->

DAMASCUS ----------->

CONSTANTINOPLE----- ----->

Abraham Corcos, ca. 1880,( d. Mogador 1883)

Abraham Corcos, a Jewish-Moroccan Tajer Assoltane from Mogador. In addition he was appointed US Consul in Mogador in 1862 hence becaming an US protégé. At the same time he was manager of the Bank Péreire, of Morocco. He further organized the visit of Moses Montefiore to Morocco in 1863/1864. Both claim to be working for the benefit of their king houses, Corcos for Morocco and Montefiore for London. Ref: A. Corcos www.virtualpublications.ca/html/creationprofiles/

biodictionary/dirigeantsc.html & Péreire brothers, founders of Crédit Mobilier, Paris, 1852; www.annales.org/archives/x/pereire.html

<--------- ROME

<--------- MOROCCO

The five sons of Mayer Amschel, (of jewish background), founder of the Rothschild dynasty. He sent Nathan to London, James to Paris, Salomon to Vienna, Carl to Naples while Amschel stayed in Frankfurt-Germany. Ref: Die Macht des Hauses Rothschild.

And from Naples-Italy: (trade between the King of Naples and the Sultan of Morocco). At the time, Carl Rothschild, was the banker of the King of Naples. In 1861 Adolphe Rothschild closed the bank in Naples and moved to Geneva where, in 1855, he had bought a piece of land. His nephew and heir, Maurice Rothschild, married Noémi C.A.P. Halphen in 1909, a granddaughter of one of the Péreire brothers.

Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild. He was a British banker and politician from the international Rothschild financial dynasty.

Specialized in funding state loans by the issuing of bonds.

Lionel Nathan Rothschild introduced in the House of Commons on July 26, 1858 by Lord John Russell

Sultan needed a loan to make payment to "Spain"; Lionel Rothschild had agreed this. See: 6ff Bu 12/11, 25.11.1860

On April 14, 1832 Salenstein, Thurgau, offered Napoleon III a honorary citizenship. Prince Louis Napoleon III Bonaparte is hence a Swiss.

Sultan Haj Abderrahman met with Emperor Napoleon III in Oran, Algeria on May 18, 1865.

During 18.8.-21.8.1865 Napoleon visited for a last time Castle Arenenberg. In March of 1871 he fled to England and died there on January 9, 1873 in Chislehurst, London.

While Napoleon III lived in Thurgau, Castle Arenenberg he asked to take part in military exercises under Colonel G.-H. Dufour at the Military School in Thun.

 

 

 

 

 

 

On July 7, 1834 Napoleon III received his Brevet of a Swiss Captain of the Artillery

 

Sultan Abul Nasir Moulay Ismail as-Samin bin Sharif, Laalaj = al-Aji. (see Part IV)

On June 2, 1681, Sultan Ismail wrote a letter to Louis XIV.

We have read within some of our books, in which we have found amongst others a letter of our Prophet Mohammed which he had written to your great, great and great-grandfather Heraclius. Ismail asked Louis XIV if this letter can be found within his hands, as he believes him to be a descendant of the Greek Emperor. Ref: H. De Castries, Sources Inédites de l'Histoire du Maroc, Dynastie Filalienne, Vol. I. page 571, Paris 1922

Courtesy of Mrs. E. Stückelberger-Eich

Dr.med. Gottlieb Eich (1859-1900), Lenzburg-Switzerland. First Swiss doctor (German protégé) in Mogador, 1886. Died on May 20, 1900 at Mogador at he age of 41.

Other Swiss in Mogador:

Jules Bex, Geneva, French protégé, 1873

Hans Auer, Bern, German protégé, 1894

Fritz Wilhelm Riggenbach, Basel, Kaufmann & Ornithologe, French protégé, Tanger, 1888-1893; Mazagan (El Jadida), 1894 - 1909. Back to Basel in 1911 he worked for a US Life insurance until 1933, became an art dealer and d. there in 1944. Ref: Journal für Ornithologie, Band 111. Sonderheft, Berlin, 1970; The Editors of "Novitates Zoologicae", Zoological Museum, XXX, 1923, incl. some corr. with Lord W. Rothschild

Ref: Letters to: An den hohen Bundesrath der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft in Bern, Marokko, 4. August 1894, signed by:

Dr. Eich, Mr. Bex, Mr. Auer & Mr. Riggenbach

 

 

David Corcos

The event that linked back together the two branches of the Mogador Corcos family was the marriage of David Corcos and Georgette Afriat.

Following their legend the Afriat family is of ancient stock deriving from the Tribe of Ephraim (Israel) descendants who reached Morocco after the destruction of the Temple in 586 B.C., settled in Oufrane (Ifrane) and founded a "kingdom of their own", calling their first king Abraham Ha-Ephrati of the Tribe of Ephraim. After the fall of their kingdom, the Ephrati changed their name to "Afriat/Aferiat".

Cf: www.econ-pol.unisi.it/~afriat/Memory.pdf

The legend continues that this Tribe claims descend from Abraham through his second born son Isaac by his mother Sara.

Ba Ahmed ben Moussa, 1841-1900. Chamberlain under Hassan I and Grand Vizier under Abdel-Aziz. Ba Ahmed helped to prepare the road for the future French take-over & etc. (see Part IV)

 

 

Sultan Youssef, 1912 - 1927. Proclaimed on the abdication of his elder half-brother on August 12, 1912. (see Part IV)

He is not an al-Aji

Sultan Abdel-Aziz, 1894 - 1909. Reigned under the regency of Ba Ahmed ben Moussa until he finally assumed full ruling powers on May 13, 1900 - 1909. In 1909 he was forced to abdicate in favour of his elder half-brother Sultan Hafid. (see Part IV)

He is not an al-Aji

Abdessadeq el-Glaoui, another son of Glaoui.

See similarity to above.

King Sidi Mohamed V, 1927-1961. So-called father of Hassan II. King Sidi Mohamed V died of a minor nose operation at the age of 52!!!

He is not an al-Aji